Im Logfile finden wir eine Readahead-Warnmeldung mit dem Hinweis, dass die readahead-Einstellungen für das Block-Gerät auf dem die MongoDB gespeichert wurde nicht optimal zum Speichern der NoSQL-Datenbank MongoDB geeigent ist.

2017-02-15T18:48:08.129+0100 [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Readahead for /var/lib/mongodb is set to 4096KB
2017-02-15T18:48:08.129+0100 [initandlisten] **          We suggest setting it to 256KB (512 sectors) or less
2017-02-15T18:48:08.129+0100 [initandlisten] **          http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/readahead

Zunächst suchen wir, auf welchem Blockdevice das Verzeichnis /var/lib/mongodb liegt.

 # mount | grep /var/lib/mongodb

/dev/vdb1 on /var/lib/mongodb type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)

Fragen wir die Einstellungen unserer Blockdevices ab erhalten wir zunächst:

 # blockdev --report

RO    RA   SSZ   BSZ   StartSec            Size   Device
rw  8192   512  4096          0     31457280000   /dev/vda
rw  8192   512   512       2048      1073741824   /dev/vda1
rw  8192   512  4096    2099200     30067916800   /dev/vda2
rw  8192   512  4096          0     10485760000   /dev/vdb
rw  8192   512   512       2048     10484711424   /dev/vdb1
rw  8192   512  4096          0     26214400000   /dev/vdc
rw  8192   512   512       2048     26213351424   /dev/vdc1
rw  8192   512   512          0     10737418240   /dev/dm-0
rw  8192   512  4096          0      4294967296   /dev/dm-1
rw  8192   512   512          0     10737418240   /dev/dm-2
rw  8192   512   512          0      4294967296   /dev/dm-3

Wir setzen nunmehr den Wert RA auf die empfohlene Grösse von 256KB (512 sectors) für das Blockdevice /dev/vdb1 auf dem unsere MongoDB bespeichert wird.

 # blockdev --setra 256 /dev/vdb1

Fragen wir erneut die Einstellungen für /dev/vdb1 sehen wir, dass der Parameter RA nun den Wert von 256 hat.

 # blockdev --report | grep /dev/vdb1

rw   256   512   512       2048     10484711424   /dev/vdb1

Wenn abschliessend starten wir nun den MongoDB-Daemon einmal durch, damit unsere Änderung auch wirksam werden kann.

 # systemctl restart mongod.service

Die Warnmeldung ist nunmehr verschwunden.

 # less /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log

2017-02-15T19:21:44.956+0100 [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=2202 port=27017 dbpath=/var/lib/mongodb 64-bit host=vml000117.dmz.nausch.org
2017-02-15T19:21:44.956+0100 [initandlisten] db version v2.6.12
2017-02-15T19:21:44.956+0100 [initandlisten] git version: nogitversion
2017-02-15T19:21:44.956+0100 [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
2017-02-15T19:21:44.956+0100 [initandlisten] build info: Linux buildvm-09.phx2.fedoraproject.org 4.7.2-201.fc24.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Aug 26 15:58:40 UTC 2016 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_53
2017-02-15T19:21:44.956+0100 [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2017-02-15T19:21:44.956+0100 [initandlisten] options: { command: [ "run" ], config: "/etc/mongod.conf", net: { bindIp: "127.0.0.1", unixDomainSocket: { pathPrefix: "/var/run/mongodb" } }, processManagement: { fork: true, pidFilePath: "/var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid" }, storage: { dbPath: "/var/lib/mongodb" }, systemLog: { destination: "file", path: "/var/log/mongodb/mongod.log", quiet: true } }
2017-02-15T19:21:44.964+0100 [initandlisten] journal dir=/var/lib/mongodb/journal
2017-02-15T19:21:44.965+0100 [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed
2017-02-15T19:21:45.007+0100 [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017

Die eben gemachte Konfigurationsberichtigung wird aber bei einem Reboot des Servers wieder verworfen. Wir müssen also dafür sorgen, dass der readahead-Wert bei einem Neustart des Systems auf den gewünschten Wert 256 gesetzt wird. Hierzu legen wir uns ein kleines Bash-Script an.

 #  vim /usr/local/bin/setra256

/usr/local/bin/setra256

#!/bin/bash
# Django : 2017-02-14
# Setzen des readahead Wertes auf 256KB (512 Sektoren)
/usr/sbin/blockdev --setra 256 /dev/vdb1

Das gerade angelegte Script statten wir nun mit den x-Dateirechten aus.

 # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/setra256

Nun müssen wir nur noch dafür sorgen, dass dieses Script bei einem Neustart gestartet wird. Dazu legen wir uns einen eigenen „kleinen Service“ an, in dem wir im Verzeichnis /etc/systemd/system/ eine systemd-Startscript anlegen.

 # vim /etc/systemd/system/setra256.service

/etc/systemd/system/setra256.service

[Unit]
Description=Initialize hardware monitoring sensors
After=syslog.target network.target
Before=mongod.service
 
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/setra256
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Zu guter Letzt führen wir noch einen Reload des Systemd-Daemon durch und wir haben künftig immer den richtig gesetzten readahead von 256 gesetzt.

 # systemctl daemon-reload

Damit nun beim Booten des Servers dieses Startscript automatisch angestartet wird, aktivieren wir dies nun.

 # systemctl enable setra256.service 

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/setra256.service to /etc/systemd/system/setra256.service.

Damit der Daemon beim Hochfahren unseres Servers automatisch gestartet wird, nutzen wir folgenden Befehl.

 # systemctl enable mongod.service

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service.

Wollen wir wissen, ob die Autostartfunktion bereits gesetzt ist, verwenden wir diesen Aufruf.

 # systemctl is-enabled mongod.service

enabled

Wie bereits kurz erwähnt wollen wir unsere MongoDB absichern, indem wir einen Datenbankbenutzer mit Passwort anlegen. Dazu verbinden wir uns erst einmal mit der MongoDB Shell mongo. Dieses JavaScript stellt die Benutzerschnittstelle zum eigentlichen MongoDN-Daemon zur Verfügung. Damit sich der Client mit dem Server auch verbinden kann, muss der Server natürlich laufen. Bei Bedarf starten wir also unsere NoSQL-Datenbank mit folgendem Befehl.

 # systemctl start mongod.service

Nun können wir uns mit der MongoDB Shell verbinden.

 # mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.11
connecting to: test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
        http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
        http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
> 

Zunächst wechseln wir zur Datenbank admin mit folgendem Aufruf.

> use admin

switched to db admin
>

Anschließend legen wir den Datenbankadministrator admin mit dem Passwort 5y510953rv3r53cr37 an.

> db.createUser({user:"admin",pwd:"5y510953rv3r53cr37",roles:[{role:"root",db:"admin"}]})

Successfully added user: {
        "user" : "admin",
        "roles" : [
                {
                        "role" : "root",
                        "db" : "admin"
                }
        ]
}
> 

Für den Zugriff von graylog auf die NoSQL-Datenbang MongoDB erstellen wir uns nun noch einen separaten Nutzer graylog-user mit dem zugehörigen Passwort 7h3FBI15n07ar0ckb4and. Bevor wir diesen Datenbank-Account anlegen, erstellen und wechseln wir noch zur Datenbank graylog.

> use graylog

switched to db graylog

Nun können wir auch unseren User graylog-user anlegen.

> db.createUser({user:"graylog-user",pwd:"7h3FBI15n07ar0ckb4and",roles:["readWrite"]})

Successfully added user: { "user" : "graylog-user", "roles" : [ "readWrite" ] }
> 

Wir haben die nötigen Definitionen erfolgreich zu Ende gebracht und nun können wir die MongoDB Shell mongo wieder verlassen.

> exit

bye

Zum Testen, ob unser Datenbanknutzer graylog-user sich auch erfolgreich mit der NoSQL-Datenbank graylog verbinden kann, melden wir uns mit dessen Daten an und fragen die vorhandenen Datenbanken ab.

 # mongo -u "graylog-user" -p "7h3FBI15n07ar0ckb4and" 127.0.0.1:27017/graylog

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.12
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test
> 

Eine Übersicht der unterstützeten Befehlen können wir uns mit dem Befehl help anzeigen lassen.

> help

	db.help()                    help on db methods
	db.mycoll.help()             help on collection methods
	sh.help()                    sharding helpers
	rs.help()                    replica set helpers
	help admin                   administrative help
	help connect                 connecting to a db help
	help keys                    key shortcuts
	help misc                    misc things to know
	help mr                      mapreduce

	show dbs                     show database names
	show collections             show collections in current database
	show users                   show users in current database
	show profile                 show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
	show logs                    show the accessible logger names
	show log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default
	use <db_name>                set current database
	db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo
	db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )     list objects in foo where a == 1
	it                           result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
	DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x   set default number of items to display on shell
	exit                         quit the mongo shell

Die Tabellen der gewählten Datenbank kann man sich mit dem Befehl show collections anzeigen lassen.

> show collections

alarmcallbackconfigurations
alarmcallbackhistory
alerts
cluster_config
cluster_events
collectors
content_packs
dashboards
dead_letters
grok_patterns
index_failures
index_ranges
inputs
ldap_settings
nodes
notifications
roles
sessions
streamrules
streams
system.indexes
system_messages
users
>

Da der Zugriff klappte, können wir die Datenbankverbindung wieder beenden.

> exit

bye

Geben wir ein falsches Passwort ein, wird natürlich der Zugang verwehrt.

 # mongo -u "graylog-user" -p "7h3FBI15ar0ckb4and" 127.0.0.1:27017/graylog

MongoDB shell version: 2.6.12
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27017/test
2017-02-16T09:50:27.265+0100 Error: 18 { ok: 0.0, errmsg: "auth failed", code: 18 } at src/mongo/shell/db.js:1292
exception: login failed

Zum Abschluss unterbinden wir nun noch den Passwortlosen Zugang zur MongoDB. Der Parameter auth im Abschnitt General options der Konfigurationsdatei /etc/mongod.conf

 # vim /etc/mongod.conf

/etc/mongod.conf

##                                       
### Basic Defaults                       
##                                       
 
# Comma separated list of ip addresses to listen on (all local ips by default)
bind_ip = 127.0.0.1                                                           
 
# Specify port number (27017 by default)
#port = 27017                           
 
# Fork server process (false by default)
fork = true                             
 
# Full path to pidfile (if not set, no pidfile is created)
pidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid                 
 
# Log file to send write to instead of stdout - has to be a file, not directory
logpath = /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log                                          
 
# Alternative directory for UNIX domain sockets (defaults to /tmp)
unixSocketPrefix = /var/run/mongodb                               
 
# Directory for datafiles (defaults to /data/db/)
dbpath = /var/lib/mongodb                        
 
# Enable/Disable journaling (journaling is on by default for 64 bit)
#journal = true                                                     
#nojournal = true                                                   
 
 
 
##
### General options
##                 
 
# Be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) (v by default)
#verbose = v                                                                            
 
# Max number of simultaneous connections (1000000 by default)
#maxConns = 1000000                                          
 
# Log to system's syslog facility instead of file or stdout (false by default)
#syslog = true                                                                
 
# Syslog facility used for monogdb syslog message (user by defautl)
#syslogFacility = user                                             
 
# Append to logpath instead of over-writing (false by default)
#logappend = true                                             
 
# Desired format for timestamps in log messages (One of ctime, iso8601-utc or iso8601-local) (iso8601-local by default)
#timeStampFormat = arg                                                                                                 
 
# Private key for cluster authentication
#keyFile = arg                          
 
# Set a configurable parameter
#setParameter = arg           
 
# Enable http interface (false by default)
#httpinterface = true                     
 
# Authentication mode used for cluster authentication. Alternatives are (keyFile|sendKeyFile|sendX509|x509) (keyFile by default)
#clusterAuthMode = arg                                                                                                          
 
# Disable listening on unix sockets (false by default)
#nounixsocket = true                                  
 
# Run with/without security (without by default)
#auth = true                                    
#noauth = true                                  
# Django : 2015-12-23 - Passwortlose logins unterbinden
# default: #auth = true                                
#          #noauth = true                              
auth = true                                            
 
# Enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
#ipv6 = true                               
 
# Allow JSONP access via http (has security implications) (false by default)
#jsonp = true                                                               
 
# Turn on simple rest api (false by default)
#rest = true                                
 
# Value of slow for profile and console log (100 by default)
#slowms = 100                                               
 
# 0=off 1=slow, 2=all (0 by default)
#profile = 0                        
 
# Periodically show cpu and iowait utilization (false by default)
#cpu = true                                                      
 
# Print some diagnostic system information (false by default)
#sysinfo = true                                              
 
# Each database will be stored in a separate directory (false by default)
#directoryperdb = true                                                   
 
# Don't retry any index builds that were interrupted by shutdown (false by default)
#noIndexBuildRetry = true                                                          
 
# Disable data file preallocation - will often hurt performance (false by default)
#noprealloc = true                                                                
 
# .ns file size (in MB) for new databases (16 MB by default)
#nssize = 16                                                
 
# Limits each database to a certain number of files (8 default)
#quota                                                         
 
# Number of files allowed per db, implies --quota (8 by default)
#quotaFiles = 8                                                 
 
# Use a smaller default file size (false by default)
#smallfiles = true                                  
 
# Seconds between disk syncs (0=never, but not recommended) (60 by default)
#syncdelay = 60                                                            
 
# Upgrade db if needed (false by default)
#upgrade = true                          
 
# Run repair on all dbs (false by default)
#repair = true                            
 
# Root directory for repair files (defaults to dbpath)
#repairpath = arg                                     
 
# Disable scripting engine (false by default)
#noscripting = true                          
 
# Do not allow table scans (false by default)
#notablescan = true                          
 
# Journal diagnostic options (0 by default)
#journalOptions = 0                        
 
# How often to group/batch commit (ms) (100 or 30 by default)
#journalCommitInterval = 100                                 
 
 
 
##
### Replication options
##                     
 
# Size to use (in MB) for replication op log (default 5% of disk space - i.e. large is good)
#oplogSize = arg                                                                            
 
 
 
##
### Master/slave options (old; use replica sets instead)
##                                                      
 
# Master mode
#master = true
 
# Slave mode
#slave = true
 
# When slave: specify master as <server:port>
#source = arg                                
 
# When slave: specify a single database to replicate
#only = arg                                         
 
# Specify delay (in seconds) to be used when applying master ops to slave
#slavedelay = arg                                                        
 
# Automatically resync if slave data is stale
#autoresync = true                           
 
 
 
##
### Replica set options
##                     
 
# Arg is <setname>[/<optionalseedhostlist>]
#replSet = arg
 
# Specify index prefetching behavior (if secondary) [none|_id_only|all] (all by default)
#replIndexPrefetch = all
 
 
 
##
### Sharding options
##
 
# Declare this is a config db of a cluster (default port 27019; default dir /data/configdb) (false by default)
#configsvr = true
 
# Declare this is a shard db of a cluster (default port 27018)  (false by default)
#shardsvr = true
 
 
 
##
### SSL options
##
 
# Use ssl on configured ports
#sslOnNormalPorts = true
 
# Set the SSL operation mode (disabled|allowSSL|preferSSL|requireSSL)
# sslMode = arg
 
# PEM file for ssl
#sslPEMKeyFile = arg
 
# PEM file password
#sslPEMKeyPassword = arg
 
# Key file for internal SSL authentication
#sslClusterFile = arg
 
# Internal authentication key file password
#sslClusterPassword = arg
 
# Certificate Authority file for SSL
#sslCAFile = arg
 
# Certificate Revocation List file for SSL
#sslCRLFile = arg
 
# Allow client to connect without presenting a certificate
#sslWeakCertificateValidation = true
 
# Allow server certificates to provide non-matching hostnames
#sslAllowInvalidHostnames = true
 
# Allow connections to servers with invalid certificates
#sslAllowInvalidCertificates = true
 
# Activate FIPS 140-2 mode at startup
#sslFIPSMode = true

Nun werden wir den MongoDB-Daemon einmal noch durchstarten, damit die durchgeführten Änderungen auch aktiv werden.

 # systemctl restart mongod.service

Ein Zugriffversuch ohne Benutzerkennung samt Passwort ist ab sofort nicht mehr möglich.

> show dbs
2017-02-16T10:01:49.456+0100 listDatabases failed:{
	"ok" : 0,
	"errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }",
	"code" : 13
} at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47

In diesem Abschnitt werden wir nun den Suchserver elasticsearch, der auch die eigentlichen Nutztdaten von graylog vorhalten wird, konfigurieren.

In der Dokumentation von graylog im Abschnitt Architectural considerations finden wir folgenden Hinweis:

Diesem Vorschlag wollen wir nun in die Tat umsetzen. Beim Blockdevice haben wir in unserem Konfigurationsbeispiel bereits ein RAID aus schnellen Server-SSD's verwendet. Nun werden wir dem elasticsearch-Daemon noch mehr an RAM zugestehen. Hierzu werden wir nun den Parameter vm.max_map_count anpassen. Zunächst aber fragen wird den aktuellen Wert von vm.max_map_count erst einmal ab.

 # sysctl vm.max_map_count

vm.max_map_count = 65530

In der Dokumentation von elasticsearch zum virtuellen Speicherverbrauch wird empfohlen, den großzügigen Wert von 262144 zu setzen. Während der Laufzeit des Systems können wir die Änderung mit folgendem Befehl vornehmen.

 # sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144

vm.max_map_count = 262144

Damit die Werteanpassung resetfest, also bei jedem Neustart des Servers auf den gewünschten Wert gesetzt wird, bearbeiten wir die Datei /etc/sysctl.conf.

 # vim /etc/sysctl.conf

/etc/sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
#
# Django : 2015-12-23 - den virtuellen Speicherverbrauch von elasticsearch anpassen
vm.max_map_count=262144

Eine Beschreibung der Konfigurationsoptionen finden sich im Abschnitt Configuring Elasticsearch der Elasticsearch-Dokumentation. Laut der Installationsdokumentation von graylog beschränkt sich die Konfiguration von elasticsearch auf das Setzen des cluster name. Den Node Name setzen wir im dem Zuge auf den Hoastname unseres Syslog-Servers.

In der Dokumentation Setup Configuration werden wir noch den Parameter bootstrap.memory_lock auf true setzen.

 # vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
#       Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
#       understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please see the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# <http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/setup-configuration.html>
#
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: # cluster.name: my-application
cluster.name: graylog
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: # node.name: node-1
node.name: vml000117
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
# node.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
# path.data: /path/to/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
# path.logs: /path/to/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
#
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: # bootstrap.memory_lock: true
bootstrap.memory_lock: true
#
# Make sure that the `ES_HEAP_SIZE` environment variable is set to about half the memory
# available on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this limit.
#
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
# network.host: 192.168.0.1
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
# http.port: 9200
#
# For more information, see the documentation at:
# <http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/modules-network.html>
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
# discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
#
# Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of nodes / 2 + 1):
#
# discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, see the documentation at:
# <http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/modules-discovery.html>
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------
#
# Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started:
#
# gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, see the documentation at:
# <http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/modules-gateway.html>
#
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
#
# Disable starting multiple nodes on a single system:
#
# node.max_local_storage_nodes: 1
#
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
# action.destructive_requires_name: true

Da wir die Konfigurationsoption bootstrap.memory_lock in der Konfigurationsdatei /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml auf den wert true gesetzt haben, wie dies in der Dokumentation Heap: Sizing and Swapping angeraten wurde, müssen wir noch die Konfigurationsdatei /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch anpassen.

 # vim /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch

/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch

################################
# Elasticsearch
################################
 
# Elasticsearch home directory
#ES_HOME=/usr/share/elasticsearch
 
# Elasticsearch configuration directory
#CONF_DIR=/etc/elasticsearch
 
# Elasticsearch data directory
#DATA_DIR=/var/lib/elasticsearch
 
# Elasticsearch logs directory
#LOG_DIR=/var/log/elasticsearch
 
# Elasticsearch PID directory
#PID_DIR=/var/run/elasticsearch
 
# Heap size defaults to 256m min, 1g max
# Set ES_HEAP_SIZE to 50% of available RAM, but no more than 31g
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: #ES_HEAP_SIZE=2g
ES_HEAP_SIZE=4g
 
# Heap new generation
#ES_HEAP_NEWSIZE=
 
# Maximum direct memory
#ES_DIRECT_SIZE=
 
# Additional Java OPTS
#ES_JAVA_OPTS=
 
# Configure restart on package upgrade (true, every other setting will lead to not restarting)
#RESTART_ON_UPGRADE=true
 
# Path to the GC log file
#ES_GC_LOG_FILE=/var/log/elasticsearch/gc.log
 
################################
# Elasticsearch service
################################
 
# SysV init.d
#
# When executing the init script, this user will be used to run the elasticsearch service.
# The default value is 'elasticsearch' and is declared in the init.d file.
# Note that this setting is only used by the init script. If changed, make sure that
# the configured user can read and write into the data, work, plugins and log directories.
# For systemd service, the user is usually configured in file /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service
#ES_USER=elasticsearch
#ES_GROUP=elasticsearch
 
# The number of seconds to wait before checking if Elasticsearch started successfully as a daemon process
ES_STARTUP_SLEEP_TIME=5
 
################################
# System properties
################################
 
# Specifies the maximum file descriptor number that can be opened by this process
# When using Systemd, this setting is ignored and the LimitNOFILE defined in
# /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service takes precedence
#MAX_OPEN_FILES=65536
 
# The maximum number of bytes of memory that may be locked into RAM
# Set to "unlimited" if you use the 'bootstrap.memory_lock: true' option
# in elasticsearch.yml (ES_HEAP_SIZE  must also be set).
# When using Systemd, the LimitMEMLOCK property must be set
# in /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: #MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY=unlimited
MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY=unlimited
 
# Maximum number of VMA (Virtual Memory Areas) a process can own
# When using Systemd, this setting is ignored and the 'vm.max_map_count'
# property is set at boot time in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf
#MAX_MAP_COUNT=262144

Da wir die Konfigurationsoption bootstrap.memory_lock in der Konfigurationsdatei /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml auf den wert true gesetzt haben, wie dies in der Dokumentation Heap: Sizing and Swapping angeraten wurde, bedarf es auch noch einer Anpassung der Konfigurationsdatei /etc/security/limits.conf.

 # vim /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch

 # vim /etc/security/limits.conf

/etc/security/limits.conf

# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain>        <type>  <item>  <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
#        - a user name
#        - a group name, with @group syntax
#        - the wildcard *, for default entry
#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
#                 for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)
#        - data - max data size (KB)
#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)
#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
#        - nproc - max number of processes
#        - as - address space limit (KB)
#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
#        - priority - the priority to run user process with
#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals
#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
#        - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain>      <type>  <item>         <value>
#
 
#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4
 
# Django : 2017-02-14 - Änderungen für elasticserach und dessen Speiucherverbrauch/-zugriff
# default: unset
# allow user 'elasticsearch' mlockall
elasticsearch    soft    memlock         unlimited
elasticsearch    hard    memlock         unlimited
 
# End of file

Damit Parameter bootstrap.mlockall auch richtig gesetzt werden kann, ist noch eine Änderung an dem Systemd-Startscript notwendig! Dieses werden wir nun noch anpassen; hierzu kopieren wir uns nun das entsprechende Script nach /etc/systemd/system/.

 # cp -a /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service /etc/systemd/system/

In dieser Datei setzen wir den Parameter LimitMEMLOCK auf infinity.

 # vim /etc/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service

/etc/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service

[Unit]
Description=Elasticsearch
Documentation=http://www.elastic.co
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
 
[Service]
Environment=ES_HOME=/usr/share/elasticsearch
Environment=CONF_DIR=/etc/elasticsearch
Environment=DATA_DIR=/var/lib/elasticsearch
Environment=LOG_DIR=/var/log/elasticsearch
Environment=PID_DIR=/var/run/elasticsearch
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
 
WorkingDirectory=/usr/share/elasticsearch
 
User=elasticsearch
Group=elasticsearch
 
ExecStartPre=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-systemd-pre-exec
 
ExecStart=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch \
                                                -Des.pidfile=${PID_DIR}/elasticsearch.pid \
                                                -Des.default.path.home=${ES_HOME} \
                                                -Des.default.path.logs=${LOG_DIR} \
                                                -Des.default.path.data=${DATA_DIR} \
                                                -Des.default.path.conf=${CONF_DIR}
 
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=inherit
 
# Specifies the maximum file descriptor number that can be opened by this process
LimitNOFILE=65536
 
# Specifies the maximum number of bytes of memory that may be locked into RAM
# Set to "infinity" if you use the 'bootstrap.memory_lock: true' option
# in elasticsearch.yml and 'MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY=unlimited' in /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: #LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
 
# Disable timeout logic and wait until process is stopped
TimeoutStopSec=0
 
# SIGTERM signal is used to stop the Java process
KillSignal=SIGTERM
 
# Java process is never killed
SendSIGKILL=no
 
# When a JVM receives a SIGTERM signal it exits with code 143
SuccessExitStatus=143
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
 
# Built for Distribution: RPM-2.4.4 (rpm)

Anschließend informieren wir den systemd über unser „updatesicheres“ Startscript.

 systemctl daemon-reload

Nachdem die Konfiguration unseres Elastricsearch-Daemon abgeschlossen ist, können wir diesen nun das erste mal manuell starten. Hierzu verwenden wir den Befehl systemctl.

 # systemctl start elasticsearch.service

Den Serverstatus können wir wie folgt abfragen.

 # systemctl status elasticsearch.service -l

● elasticsearch.service - Elasticsearch
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-02-16 11:50:54 CET; 9min ago
     Docs: http://www.elastic.co
  Process: 1540 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-systemd-pre-exec (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1542 (java)
   CGroup: /system.slice/elasticsearch.service
           └─1542 /bin/java -Xms4g -Xmx4g -Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djna.nosys=true -Des.path.home=/usr/share/elasticsearch -cp /usr/share/elasticsearch/lib/elasticsearch-2.4.4.jar:/usr/share/elasticsearch/lib/* org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch start -Des.pidfile=/var/run/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.pid -Des.default.path.home=/usr/share/elasticsearch -Des.default.path.logs=/var/log/elasticsearch -Des.default.path.data=/var/lib/elasticsearch -Des.default.path.conf=/etc/elasticsearch

Feb 16 11:51:02 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:02,770][INFO ][env                      ] [vml000117] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/var/lib/elasticsearch (/dev/vdc1)]], net usable_space [24.3gb], net total_space [24.4gb], spins? [possibly], types [xfs]
Feb 16 11:51:02 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:02,771][INFO ][env                      ] [vml000117] heap size [3.9gb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
Feb 16 11:51:06 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:06,974][INFO ][node                     ] [vml000117] initialized
Feb 16 11:51:06 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:06,974][INFO ][node                     ] [vml000117] starting ...
Feb 16 11:51:07 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:07,323][INFO ][transport                ] [vml000117] publish_address {127.0.0.1:9300}, bound_addresses {[::1]:9300}, {127.0.0.1:9300}
Feb 16 11:51:07 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:07,357][INFO ][discovery                ] [vml000117] graylog/wmPD98gQQDmoSAoQblrrQQ
Feb 16 11:51:10 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:10,658][INFO ][cluster.service          ] [vml000117] new_master {vml000117}{wmPD98gQQDmoSAoQblrrQQ}{127.0.0.1}{127.0.0.1:9300}, reason: zen-disco-join(elected_as_master, [0] joins received)
Feb 16 11:51:10 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:10,737][INFO ][http                     ] [vml000117] publish_address {127.0.0.1:9200}, bound_addresses {[::1]:9200}, {127.0.0.1:9200}
Feb 16 11:51:10 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:10,738][INFO ][node                     ] [vml000117] started
Feb 16 11:51:10 vml000117.dmz.nausch.org elasticsearch[1542]: [2017-02-16 11:51:10,777][INFO ][gateway                  ] [vml000117] recovered [0] indices into cluster_state

/var/lib/elasticsearch/
└── graylog
    └── nodes
        └── 0
            ├── node.lock
            └── _state
                └── global-0.st

/var/log/elasticsearch/
├── graylog_deprecation.log
├── graylog_index_indexing_slowlog.log
├── graylog_index_search_slowlog.log
└── graylog.log

 # netstat -tulpen

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       User       Inode      PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      0          18547      1128/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:27017         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      184        17731      1145/mongod         
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:9200          :::*                    LISTEN      996        26037      1556/java           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:9200                :::*                    LISTEN      996        26036      1556/java           
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:9300          :::*                    LISTEN      996        25989      1556/java           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:9300                :::*                    LISTEN      996        25986      1556/java           

 # less /var/log/elasticsearch/graylog.log

[2017-02-16 11:51:01,455][INFO ][node                     ] [vml000117] version[2.4.4], pid[1542], build[fcbb46d/2017-01-03T11:33:16Z]
[2017-02-16 11:51:01,460][INFO ][node                     ] [vml000117] initializing ...
[2017-02-16 11:51:02,738][INFO ][plugins                  ] [vml000117] modules [reindex, lang-expression, lang-groovy], plugins [], sites []
[2017-02-16 11:51:02,770][INFO ][env                      ] [vml000117] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/var/lib/elasticsearch (/dev/vdc1)]], net usable_space [24.3gb], net total_space [24.4gb], spins? [possibly], types [xfs]
[2017-02-16 11:51:02,771][INFO ][env                      ] [vml000117] heap size [3.9gb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
[2017-02-16 11:51:06,974][INFO ][node                     ] [vml000117] initialized
[2017-02-16 11:51:06,974][INFO ][node                     ] [vml000117] starting ...
[2017-02-16 11:51:07,323][INFO ][transport                ] [vml000117] publish_address {127.0.0.1:9300}, bound_addresses {[::1]:9300}, {127.0.0.1:9300}
[2017-02-16 11:51:07,357][INFO ][discovery                ] [vml000117] graylog/wmPD98gQQDmoSAoQblrrQQ
[2017-02-16 11:51:10,658][INFO ][cluster.service          ] [vml000117] new_master {vml000117}{wmPD98gQQDmoSAoQblrrQQ}{127.0.0.1}{127.0.0.1:9300}, reason: zen-disco-join(elected_as_master, [0] joins received)
[2017-02-16 11:51:10,737][INFO ][http                     ] [vml000117] publish_address {127.0.0.1:9200}, bound_addresses {[::1]:9200}, {127.0.0.1:9200}
[2017-02-16 11:51:10,738][INFO ][node                     ] [vml000117] started
[2017-02-16 11:51:10,777][INFO ][gateway                  ] [vml000117] recovered [0] indices into cluster_state

# openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/tls/serverkey.pem -aes256 4096

Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................++
........................................................................................................................................................................................++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for serverkey.pem: 12qwasyx
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for serverkey.pem: 12qwasyx

Wie schon erwähnt, entfernen wir die Passphrase nun wieder, in dem wir bei der Frage Enter pass phrase: einfach die Taste [ENTER] drücken.

# openssl rsa -in /etc/pki/tls/serverkey.pem -out /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

Enter pass phrase:
writing RSA key

Wie schon zuvor schützen wir auch hier den Serverschlüssel über die Dateirechte.

# chmod 400 /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

Da wir die Schlüsseldatei mit der unsicheren Passphrase nicht mehr benötigen, vernichten wir die zugehörige Datei.

# shred -u /etc/pki/tls/serverkey.pem

2015-12-23T23:42:21.666+01:00 WARN  [AbstractNioSelector] Failed to initialize an accepted socket.
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported key type PKCS#1, please convert to PKCS#8

Wir konvertieren also noch den Schlüssel in das passende Format mit folgendem openssl Kommando.

# openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -in /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem \
          -inform pem -out /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key_pk8.pem \
          -outform pem -nocrypt

Graylog selbst läuft mit den Nutzerrechten des Users graylog; wir müssen also auch noch dafür sorgen, dass der User graylog den Schlüssel auch lesen darf. Wir ändern daher die Berechtigungen wie folgt:

# chown graylog.root /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key_pk8.pem

Nachdem wir unseren privaten Schlüssel erzeugt haben, können wir uns nun unserem CSR⁹⁾ widmen. Wie schon zuvor, sind die Eingaben auch hier zur besseren Unterscheidung fett und kursiv in der Farbe blau und die Rückmeldungen in der Farbe grau gekennzeichnet.

# openssl req -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem \
              -out /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem -nodes

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:DE
State or Province Name (full name) []:Bayern
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Pliening
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:nausch.org
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT-Monitoring
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org
Email Address []:graylog-admin@nausch.org

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

Möchten wir den Inhalt unseres Certificate Signing Request ausgeben und ansehen, verwenden wir den folgenden openssl-Aufruf.

 # openssl req -noout -text -in /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem

Certificate Request:
    Data:
        Version: 0 (0x0)
        Subject: C=DE, ST=Bayern, L=Pliening, O=nausch.org, OU=IT-Monitoring, CN=graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org/emailAddress=graylog-admin@nausch.org
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (4096 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:a4:89:62:85:af:56:b3:04:0c:34:86:4a:e3:b8:
                    6a:f4:23:6c:7f:bc:4c:a6:4e:cd:2e:fe:38:ad:74:
                    19:a1:de:cb:36:fa:c4:b4:85:31:1e:62:05:a5:f5:
                    f5:f0:7b:94:69:21:b3:48:ae:27:1c:bd:bd:52:2f:
                    9b:ee:ad:cf:5f:fe:e4:0f:a4:8c:0a:91:e0:75:fd:
                    47:e9:11:35:94:bd:86:b5:9e:47:1c:f8:b7:13:c4:
                    60:68:b5:8f:2e:8f:0d:75:fe:7a:41:d8:e7:2b:1e:
                    cb:d7:f2:4f:99:e6:c1:d9:c3:df:07:3b:0b:e4:cd:
                    1f:c3:0b:39:7a:15:38:09:df:a8:29:3c:73:c5:e1:
                    58:50:1e:4b:ef:cb:3c:63:e6:be:d2:ab:54:b7:ce:
                    03:69:3b:1f:d5:80:5a:be:98:af:a3:c9:3f:a8:84:
                    44:21:5d:f5:36:e8:11:ae:3f:7d:51:29:80:51:64:
                    bd:96:ff:32:36:9c:66:1f:9c:8b:4a:f0:f4:0d:50:
                    2b:3b:ea:32:2f:1c:22:0f:ca:87:78:d5:1f:de:4c:
                    45:64:c4:42:ae:d3:bc:47:98:c5:19:15:17:db:d3:
                    e3:1d:4e:84:76:d2:ba:ab:db:97:03:ff:bf:01:d7:
                    21:46:56:09:16:52:58:38:64:d0:8a:9b:7e:ba:5f:
                    9b:ec:f9:67:37:70:66:aa:b2:be:f2:af:ca:70:da:
                    8f:6e:5b:1d:5f:fa:97:da:6e:bf:f3:fb:6b:33:58:
                    74:bd:68:90:7d:21:c2:d3:9c:31:37:f1:88:f8:95:
                    8c:6e:68:ce:6c:71:83:35:8b:97:d8:94:78:fa:d7:
                    d7:c5:bd:26:6f:30:28:ac:0c:08:5e:9b:98:f7:4c:
                    7b:48:8c:a8:3c:2a:9a:01:d0:51:7f:9d:8b:a3:5b:
                    09:a2:60:42:81:fc:18:c1:53:56:9f:78:d5:3b:96:
                    94:59:70:b7:44:a1:f9:8f:88:22:55:9e:e6:67:e4:
                    4f:b5:8b:dd:e2:7c:a7:09:b9:52:91:23:2b:7f:13:
                    5c:2b:f1:05:54:a6:a4:85:df:6c:fd:4e:0b:6f:96:
                    53:2a:01:e4:fa:af:2d:3e:af:93:c4:05:88:d4:be:
                    99:74:d1:be:b7:2d:e4:bc:20:3d:34:36:e4:0e:35:
                    fc:d3:71:58:60:ec:91:b7:2b:35:76:4d:ae:ea:49:
                    ac:4b:64:93:01:ce:3a:38:ea:38:8c:2f:5a:8e:af:
                    d3:7f:aa:e4:17:0a:87:e4:92:94:06:2f:ca:b9:67:
                    20:7d:dc:65:f1:ff:f7:2b:a8:8c:55:71:d4:26:e0:
                    c8:87:c8:1c:8f:0d:42:77:1c:8f:31:8a:b1:66:4c:
                    18:88:79
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        Attributes:
            a0:00
    Signature Algorithm: sha512WithRSAEncryption
         2b:35:c6:1e:b4:d6:d6:3d:91:60:1a:e1:05:f8:00:dc:82:e6:
         5b:4c:71:dc:3a:46:f2:8e:78:ba:3b:6c:2f:f7:fa:79:c5:e1:
         8c:82:08:bf:3c:69:77:57:b6:a5:39:73:63:2b:a1:04:5b:1c:
         24:c1:ba:55:59:d5:13:18:c1:88:02:e1:b1:82:c9:de:77:08:
         41:d1:1d:72:e2:67:21:25:e5:43:de:3c:2e:13:ed:bc:a5:d1:
         8d:d2:e5:71:37:b3:d1:4d:92:90:4f:71:b1:1f:e7:01:c0:66:
         8c:7a:7b:29:5f:2d:96:f6:9e:bb:77:56:23:3d:5e:76:56:13:
         db:1f:88:54:ce:58:f1:4b:bf:b3:b2:33:7f:b8:a8:79:2d:01:
         76:85:18:7f:7d:40:bf:da:05:cf:07:86:43:df:6f:58:56:f7:
         fc:a7:6c:b0:33:95:33:05:be:6f:d8:c0:cc:33:2f:3d:a0:a0:
         7e:0a:5b:27:98:47:ab:44:2c:2a:bb:29:4f:de:70:27:24:59:
         b4:d0:98:08:a8:c8:22:f3:fb:de:7d:d2:5a:e9:8c:8f:3f:c8:
         14:47:2b:7e:e3:82:89:98:f7:4c:11:39:59:a3:82:26:e9:24:
         e3:b2:9a:e0:73:11:01:aa:44:4f:12:6a:da:7e:ec:e8:6d:5d:
         fd:66:04:3f:f6:d6:2e:07:64:1d:3f:38:56:b4:6e:28:73:6a:
         e8:57:ca:27:99:12:51:17:03:f5:41:02:de:ba:b0:cb:29:8e:
         28:eb:2b:61:81:9e:8f:d3:aa:9c:63:d5:e4:09:e0:1c:43:96:
         3a:95:60:62:69:d2:38:45:ad:e2:26:0a:83:3c:13:16:e1:53:
         8d:bc:e1:9e:6f:8a:a5:fd:c1:ac:8e:8b:01:66:e8:ff:51:8c:
         a0:c1:82:7c:2b:60:09:be:12:72:8b:a7:f7:29:e4:95:f0:02:
         17:f8:6a:3d:82:a2:e8:f2:52:d5:ac:2d:14:f2:f9:63:04:e1:
         e0:1a:2f:98:4e:95:31:36:43:d4:b2:22:79:2c:7e:0a:a8:dd:
         f7:4b:86:2c:13:d4:c5:86:8f:ca:4f:18:13:3d:7c:6a:81:69:
         35:76:fd:31:f7:ec:55:c7:57:08:9f:bf:b5:4c:36:8a:34:ab:
         7a:79:91:be:11:da:e9:a0:58:a8:a6:9d:3d:5b:26:5c:7c:c4:
         0d:ab:80:5b:15:ee:61:d9:a5:63:cb:ea:6b:fb:16:41:01:64:
         dc:b3:fd:43:1c:8b:86:a8:6d:45:49:fd:67:75:7a:73:43:9d:
         55:db:90:d4:82:41:de:3a:c5:cf:1b:52:8c:59:0a:6a:6e:b6:
         7e:7d:ed:ea:45:6d:8e:11

Wie auch schon beim Root CA Zertifikat können wir uns auch den CSR BASE64 kodiert ausgeben lassen.

 # cat /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
MIIE9TCCAt0CAQAwga8xCzAJBgNVBAYTAkRFMQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZCYXllcm4xETAP
BgNVBAcMCFBsaWVuaW5nMRMwEQYDVQQKDApuYXVzY2gub3JnMRYwFAYDVQQLDA1J
VC1Nb25pdG9yaW5nMSYwJAYDVQQDDB1ncmF5bG9nLXNlcnZlci5kbXoubmF1c2No
Lm9yZzEnMCUGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYYZ3JheWxvZy1hZG1pbkBuYXVzY2gub3JnMIIC
IjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEApIliha9WswQMNIZK47hq9CNs
f7xMpk7NLv44rXQZod7LNvrEtIUxHmIFpfX18HuUaSGzSK4nHL29Ui+b7q3PX/7k
D6SMCpHgdf1H6RE1lL2GtZ5HHPi3E8RgaLWPLo8Ndf56QdjnKx7L1/JPmebB2cPf
BzsL5M0fwws5ehU4Cd+oKTxzxeFYUB5L78s8Y+a+0qtUt84DaTsf1YBavpivo8k/
qIREIV31NugRrj99USmAUWS9lv8yNpxmH5yLSvD0DVArO+oyLxwiD8qHeNUf3kxF
ZMRCrtO8R5jFGRUX29PjHU6EdtK6q9uXA/+/AdchRlYJFlJYOGTQipt+ul+b7Pln
N3BmqrK+8q/KcNqPblsdX/qX2m6/8/trM1h0vWiQfSHC05wxN/GI+JWMbmjObHGD
NYuX2JR4+tfXxb0mbzAorAwIXpuY90x7SIyoPCqaAdBRf52Lo1sJomBCgfwYwVNW
n3jVO5aUWXC3RKH5j4giVZ7mZ+RPtYvd4nynCblSkSMrfxNcK/EFVKakhd9s/U4L
b5ZTKgHk+q8tPq+TxAWI1L6ZdNG+ty3kvCA9NDbkDjX803FYYOyRtys1dk2u6kms
S2STAc46OOo4jC9ajq/Tf6rkFwqH5JKUBi/KuWcgfdxl8f/3K6iMVXHUJuDIh8gc
jw1CdxyPMYqxZkwYiHkCAwEAAaAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBDQUAA4ICAQArNcYetNbW
PZFgGuEF+ADcguZbTHHcOkbyjni6O2wv9/p5xeGMggi/PGl3V7alOXNjK6EEWxwk
wbpVWdUTGMGIAuGxgsnedwhB0R1y4mchJeVD3jwuE+28pdGN0uVxN7PRTZKQT3Gx
H+cBwGaMenspXy2W9p67d1YjPV52VhPbH4hUzljxS7+zsjN/uKh5LQF2hRh/fUC/
2gXPB4ZD329YVvf8p2ywM5UzBb5v2MDMMy89oKB+ClsnmEerRCwquylP3nAnJFm0
0JgIqMgi8/vefdJa6YyPP8gURyt+44KJmPdMETlZo4Im6STjsprgcxEBqkRPEmra
fuzobV39ZgQ/9tYuB2QdPzhWtG4oc2roV8onmRJRFwP1QQLeurDLKY4o6ythgZ6P
06qcY9XkCeAcQ5Y6lWBiadI4Ra3iJgqDPBMW4VONvOGeb4ql/cGsjosBZuj/UYyg
wYJ8K2AJvhJyi6f3KeSV8AIX+Go9gqLo8lLVrC0U8vljBOHgGi+YTpUxNkPUsiJ5
LH4KqN33S4YsE9TFho/KTxgTPXxqgWk1dv0x9+xVx1cIn7+1TDaKNKt6eZG+Edrp
oFiopp09WyZcfMQNq4BbFe5h2aVjy+pr+xZBAWTcs/1DHIuGqG1FSf1ndXpzQ51V
25DUgkHeOsXPG1KMWQpqbrZ+fe3qRW2OEQ==
-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

Damit unsere CA den gerade erstellten CSR prüfen und signieren kann, müssen wir den Certificate Signing Request der CA vorlegen. Im Fall unsere graylog-Server Zertificates können wir die CSR-Datei einfach an Ort und Stelle kopieren.

 # cp /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem /etc/pki/CA/csrs/

Nun prüfen wir die Angaben des CSR und signieren den öffentlichen Schlüssel des CSRs mit dem privaten Schlüssel unserer CA; dies wir auch als Zertifikatsgenerierung bezeichnet. Diese Arbeit erledigen wir mit Hilfe des folgenden openssl-Aufrufs. Auch hier sind die Eingaben zur besseren Unterscheidung fett und kursiv in der Farbe blau und die Rückmeldungen in der Farbe grau gekennzeichnet.

# openssl ca -in /etc/pki/CA/csrs/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem \
              -out /etc/pki/CA/certs/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem -days 10950

Die Option days setzen wir dabei auf die bereits erwähnten 30 Jahre, was 10950 Tage entspricht. Bei der Frage nach der Passphrase des privaten Schlüssels geben wir das Passwort an, welches wir bei der Generierung unserer CA vergeben hatten.

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/CA/private/root-ca.key.pem:des-woas-blos-I-und-sunst-koana!
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 0 (0x0)
        Validity
            Not Before: Jan  3 23:24:25 2016 GMT
            Not After : Dec 26 23:24:25 2045 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = DE
            stateOrProvinceName       = Bayern
            organizationName          = nausch.org
            organizationalUnitName    = IT-Monitoring
            commonName                = graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org
            emailAddress              = graylog-admin@nausch.org
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                7A:F2:41:CE:1C:E7:CE:06:CB:30:00:AD:69:2D:6B:42:79:D7:9F:4D
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:F7:C3:04:70:25:38:2F:02:82:5D:5F:2F:7F:1B:66:97:43:9F:D8:0E

Certificate is to be certified until Dec 26 23:24:25 2045 GMT (10950 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

Als letzten Schritt stellen wir nun das gerade erzeugte Server-Zertifikat dem graylog-server zur Verfügung. Hierzu kopieren wir einfach das gerade generierte Zertifikat an Ort und Stelle.

 # cp /etc/pki/CA/certs/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem /etc/pki/tls/certs/

Wollen wir den Inhalt unseres gerade erstellten Zertifikates ausgeben, können wir folgenden openssl-Aufruf verwenden.

 # openssl x509 -noout -text -in /etc/pki/tls/certs/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number: 0 (0x0)
    Signature Algorithm: sha512WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=DE, ST=Bayern, L=Pliening, O=nausch.org, OU=Zertifizierungsstelle, CN=graylog CA/emailAddress=ca-admin@nausch.org
        Validity
            Not Before: Jan  3 23:24:25 2016 GMT
            Not After : Dec 26 23:24:25 2045 GMT
        Subject: C=DE, ST=Bayern, O=nausch.org, OU=IT-Monitoring, CN=graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org/emailAddress=graylog-admin@nausch.org
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (4096 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:a4:89:62:85:af:56:b3:04:0c:34:86:4a:e3:b8:
                    6a:f4:23:6c:7f:bc:4c:a6:4e:cd:2e:fe:38:ad:74:
                    19:a1:de:cb:36:fa:c4:b4:85:31:1e:62:05:a5:f5:
                    f5:f0:7b:94:69:21:b3:48:ae:27:1c:bd:bd:52:2f:
                    9b:ee:ad:cf:5f:fe:e4:0f:a4:8c:0a:91:e0:75:fd:
                    47:e9:11:35:94:bd:86:b5:9e:47:1c:f8:b7:13:c4:
                    60:68:b5:8f:2e:8f:0d:75:fe:7a:41:d8:e7:2b:1e:
                    cb:d7:f2:4f:99:e6:c1:d9:c3:df:07:3b:0b:e4:cd:
                    1f:c3:0b:39:7a:15:38:09:df:a8:29:3c:73:c5:e1:
                    58:50:1e:4b:ef:cb:3c:63:e6:be:d2:ab:54:b7:ce:
                    03:69:3b:1f:d5:80:5a:be:98:af:a3:c9:3f:a8:84:
                    44:21:5d:f5:36:e8:11:ae:3f:7d:51:29:80:51:64:
                    bd:96:ff:32:36:9c:66:1f:9c:8b:4a:f0:f4:0d:50:
                    2b:3b:ea:32:2f:1c:22:0f:ca:87:78:d5:1f:de:4c:
                    45:64:c4:42:ae:d3:bc:47:98:c5:19:15:17:db:d3:
                    e3:1d:4e:84:76:d2:ba:ab:db:97:03:ff:bf:01:d7:
                    21:46:56:09:16:52:58:38:64:d0:8a:9b:7e:ba:5f:
                    9b:ec:f9:67:37:70:66:aa:b2:be:f2:af:ca:70:da:
                    8f:6e:5b:1d:5f:fa:97:da:6e:bf:f3:fb:6b:33:58:
                    74:bd:68:90:7d:21:c2:d3:9c:31:37:f1:88:f8:95:
                    8c:6e:68:ce:6c:71:83:35:8b:97:d8:94:78:fa:d7:
                    d7:c5:bd:26:6f:30:28:ac:0c:08:5e:9b:98:f7:4c:
                    7b:48:8c:a8:3c:2a:9a:01:d0:51:7f:9d:8b:a3:5b:
                    09:a2:60:42:81:fc:18:c1:53:56:9f:78:d5:3b:96:
                    94:59:70:b7:44:a1:f9:8f:88:22:55:9e:e6:67:e4:
                    4f:b5:8b:dd:e2:7c:a7:09:b9:52:91:23:2b:7f:13:
                    5c:2b:f1:05:54:a6:a4:85:df:6c:fd:4e:0b:6f:96:
                    53:2a:01:e4:fa:af:2d:3e:af:93:c4:05:88:d4:be:
                    99:74:d1:be:b7:2d:e4:bc:20:3d:34:36:e4:0e:35:
                    fc:d3:71:58:60:ec:91:b7:2b:35:76:4d:ae:ea:49:
                    ac:4b:64:93:01:ce:3a:38:ea:38:8c:2f:5a:8e:af:
                    d3:7f:aa:e4:17:0a:87:e4:92:94:06:2f:ca:b9:67:
                    20:7d:dc:65:f1:ff:f7:2b:a8:8c:55:71:d4:26:e0:
                    c8:87:c8:1c:8f:0d:42:77:1c:8f:31:8a:b1:66:4c:
                    18:88:79
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                7A:F2:41:CE:1C:E7:CE:06:CB:30:00:AD:69:2D:6B:42:79:D7:9F:4D
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:F7:C3:04:70:25:38:2F:02:82:5D:5F:2F:7F:1B:66:97:43:9F:D8:0E

    Signature Algorithm: sha512WithRSAEncryption
         ba:96:c5:fd:9d:1d:22:78:e3:1b:f4:c0:90:73:0c:7e:d6:e8:
         2f:ad:92:75:3a:8c:18:37:7b:74:2d:ba:01:dd:4f:e2:07:f0:
         6c:d2:e2:0b:a6:7f:67:f5:16:98:96:8a:71:fd:bd:ad:a2:5c:
         07:40:23:4e:e1:0d:da:b4:61:cc:83:56:a9:89:56:4b:69:a1:
         cb:ae:f2:bc:14:7a:c4:8e:15:da:f6:43:77:42:f2:42:da:82:
         a1:63:16:4d:d4:8a:86:00:54:71:98:c9:2e:4f:df:e5:19:26:
         7a:86:f3:62:88:81:64:75:8c:d0:1c:32:40:53:46:6c:cb:c0:
         61:7b:7a:58:be:09:e6:06:00:88:d6:23:f9:f3:9f:ac:61:2c:
         c3:f1:62:c2:25:09:91:d5:3b:11:47:47:e5:d3:ed:a7:11:99:
         d2:7e:af:b1:0d:ec:e0:7e:2b:ba:34:e6:c3:32:16:cc:81:70:
         fd:37:a0:ee:8d:2d:48:2c:47:43:fc:9d:3a:b6:8d:8d:2c:c2:
         68:2e:46:69:76:b7:33:a3:9b:56:ea:85:e4:93:62:1f:2a:3d:
         54:d9:38:46:e4:d6:91:0f:88:63:b1:4c:0f:d7:3f:3e:db:cb:
         dd:1b:18:9e:d1:19:a3:bd:a0:53:1f:c1:ac:d7:cf:2a:5a:29:
         ef:d2:8b:85:b0:91:6e:69:22:9d:bc:11:42:e4:d1:bd:85:85:
         f9:cf:e9:52:b0:52:75:10:4b:9b:84:f2:e5:fb:15:36:36:41:
         9b:0e:b2:d6:d4:7e:83:31:a3:b2:32:9d:39:5f:66:67:73:52:
         56:f0:66:d2:b5:9e:75:38:27:e8:85:4a:b3:bb:20:92:94:04:
         02:c8:d2:fb:24:67:48:6f:24:4e:6e:a4:b1:d6:ef:cf:e3:9a:
         e9:37:f2:73:32:b2:e5:be:e9:0c:52:1e:28:e5:c2:21:e7:b6:
         fc:52:88:15:a5:b2:0a:34:f3:de:89:1b:72:7c:1a:c6:55:3f:
         e3:43:24:62:8a:00:e3:9a:f9:02:7b:4e:77:0a:83:16:07:60:
         f6:21:b1:ee:47:4f:be:78:5a:36:38:c6:89:36:20:8a:d3:c0:
         f2:28:6d:db:4d:81:4b:2b:08:55:ed:23:e8:a7:e1:8f:46:9d:
         29:24:cb:bb:ca:bc:10:58:49:e3:bc:11:b3:55:35:ec:25:f7:
         66:2f:d9:c8:62:f2:d6:5a:c2:ff:b5:a3:ba:bd:5a:7d:05:59:
         04:91:98:3b:41:01:ac:2b:d9:20:d8:df:4a:92:dd:a3:82:c3:
         fe:38:3c:fa:f0:65:c0:5c:89:f2:42:47:56:6c:e4:7e:43:dd:
         70:7c:65:a7:52:b3:59:7e

Was uns nun noch für unser Glück fehlt, ist ein Server-Zertifikat für den rsyslog-Daemon; dieses werden wir nun noch generieren bzw. erstellen lassen. Im Prinzip unterscheidet sich die Generierung eines rsyslog Client-Zertifikate nicht vom Vorgehen des zuvor erstellten graylog-server Zertifikates.

Im folgenden Konfigurationsbeispiel werden wir für den Host vml.dmz.nausch.org ein Clientzertifikat erstellen.

Wie auch schon beim graylog-server Zertifikat erzeugen wir uns zunächst einen 4096 Bit langen RSA Schlüssel, den wir mit AES 256 verschlüsselt auf der Platte abgelegt lassen. Da OpenSSL keine leere Passphrase zulässt braucht die Passphrase diesmal nicht sonderlich geheim sein, da wir diese im Anschluss ohnehin sofort wieder entfernen werden.

Die Eingaben sind auch hier zur besseren Unterscheidung fett und kursiv in der Farbe blau und die Rückmeldungen in der Farbe grau gekennzeichnet.

# openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/tls/clientkey.pem -aes256 4096

Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................++
........................................................................................................................................................................................++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for clientkey.pem: 12qwasyx
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for clientkey.pem: 12qwasyx

Anschließend entfernen wir die Passphrase nun wieder, in dem wir bei der Frage Enter pass phrase: einfach die Taste [ENTER] drücken.

# openssl rsa -in /etc/pki/tls/clientkey.pem -out /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

Enter pass phrase:
writing RSA key

Wie schon zuvor schützen wir auch hier den Serverschlüssel über die Dateirechte.

# chmod 400 /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

Da wir die Schlüsseldatei mit der unsicheren Passphrase nicht mehr benötigen, vernichten wir die zugehörige Datei.

# shred -u /etc/pki/tls/clientkey.pem

Nachdem wir unseren privaten Schlüssel erzeugt haben, können wir uns nun unserem CSR¹⁰⁾ widmen. Wie schon zuvor, sind die Eingaben auch hier zur besseren Unterscheidung fett und kursiv in der Farbe blau und die Rückmeldungen in der Farbe grau gekennzeichnet.

# openssl req -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem \
              -out /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem -nodes

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:DE
State or Province Name (full name) []:Bayern
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Pliening
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:nausch.org
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT-Monitoring
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org
Email Address []:graylog-admin@nausch.org

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

Möchten wir den Inhalt unseres Certificate Signing Request ausgeben und ansehen, verwenden wir den folgenden openssl-Aufruf.

 # openssl req -noout -text -in /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem

Certificate Request:
    Data:
        Version: 0 (0x0)
        Subject: C=DE, ST=Bayern, L=Pliening, O=nausch.org, OU=IT-Monitoring, CN=rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org/emailAddress=graylog-admin@nausch.org
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (4096 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:ea:65:5c:9a:3b:3e:a9:2d:7f:f1:a5:9f:b3:e3:
                    cd:a4:53:fb:70:30:fd:c8:be:00:fd:04:2a:08:f4:
                    ea:d2:69:66:02:2d:c5:d9:b8:53:8d:d9:5a:7c:fd:
                    7a:92:12:4c:ab:83:ce:7a:8a:d3:0e:60:16:87:a0:
                    a6:21:5e:96:2b:36:87:e9:85:f1:1b:fe:56:87:e3:
                    6e:30:40:9e:f7:f8:f2:8f:05:fa:57:d0:fb:10:94:
                    a4:2e:16:ed:55:cb:22:61:e3:ac:4c:13:6c:70:da:
                    e6:8b:8b:54:f6:4e:d4:58:5a:18:06:f1:61:20:98:
                    0f:dc:4c:30:4e:ef:c4:b3:0c:63:93:82:4a:89:98:
                    2e:6b:ae:75:c7:3a:c9:60:25:ac:58:fc:da:d4:83:
                    35:c6:96:2c:d9:6f:5e:0c:9f:9d:7a:f2:2e:ab:f0:
                    06:5b:f5:4a:74:62:02:83:9a:76:e3:04:db:9f:ee:
                    40:d5:03:ad:45:0d:69:be:39:f4:00:75:db:4d:f0:
                    e9:56:7b:e5:3e:3e:63:69:23:c9:b4:0a:e2:d1:cd:
                    56:76:41:8b:43:f3:fc:2e:01:ca:21:16:7d:a9:24:
                    e5:65:9d:21:bc:64:bc:dd:e1:f7:89:33:28:38:4e:
                    09:7c:5d:7c:ec:1f:67:5a:c0:ac:3d:b2:32:9a:73:
                    cc:f2:c5:41:4c:17:b7:75:ca:ad:76:37:7e:a6:f2:
                    85:10:c5:e3:ee:95:94:b2:d2:51:cc:59:96:ca:e4:
                    0f:96:c1:7b:89:42:50:61:01:6c:33:32:33:9d:72:
                    57:a2:45:92:f0:bd:f7:47:6f:c1:51:c0:b9:05:fd:
                    a9:af:a8:6c:f6:9b:1a:a5:e4:2b:34:0b:62:04:b7:
                    c3:89:aa:83:5a:5c:82:b0:d1:72:ac:0b:e0:e4:94:
                    3c:44:0b:95:e9:a5:97:96:ee:e9:38:b9:92:74:89:
                    93:31:a6:5e:ca:dd:f8:d9:f8:ea:ff:b3:62:4a:45:
                    aa:1c:35:05:fc:2c:36:da:b2:59:af:82:69:2c:d7:
                    4d:6c:df:2e:fc:c1:4a:f6:e1:f9:57:b7:83:b3:b1:
                    4e:48:36:1e:57:94:65:1e:a9:3f:96:56:03:21:46:
                    02:dc:4a:54:46:f0:99:25:9c:c8:bf:25:8a:d6:1f:
                    ba:fd:ab:70:cd:96:cc:28:36:3b:66:b0:fb:48:47:
                    59:78:69:5b:69:6c:a9:ca:a1:23:56:7a:47:f7:49:
                    cf:25:b5:1d:37:83:84:fe:f9:8a:be:ff:be:e5:93:
                    9c:c0:05:99:d3:14:a6:ce:23:dc:75:ce:0c:a5:e3:
                    40:cf:f9:10:a6:40:93:1f:25:51:f6:7f:5c:a4:74:
                    b7:b3:39
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        Attributes:
            a0:00
    Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
         dd:25:b7:55:94:ae:7d:24:9a:5e:4d:84:e8:bc:12:37:20:a2:
         64:f9:fd:15:83:9a:a1:59:72:fe:2a:2b:df:f8:f3:11:f0:0a:
         e0:b9:0e:ae:b8:93:ed:a3:3c:48:06:5a:5a:74:6d:62:c9:9d:
         f8:22:de:9b:5e:39:bd:a2:09:fa:9f:bd:3e:1d:87:37:f3:2f:
         9f:35:9a:5e:b0:c6:7a:66:0c:86:4f:f3:6c:5b:fb:4b:25:9f:
         83:ec:64:e2:43:ad:51:91:b7:56:eb:fc:00:4e:b4:36:0a:2f:
         3d:c7:53:67:e6:b0:8d:11:68:dd:19:b5:ee:25:d9:d8:0c:49:
         21:57:28:ec:ca:c8:ea:09:85:3b:14:54:72:73:58:5a:e3:4c:
         21:3e:d6:e6:b4:7d:25:1a:31:ec:a1:d8:c7:31:bc:fb:44:1d:
         2f:69:91:1a:11:8e:02:63:bf:f4:8f:ca:fc:45:3c:ef:a1:31:
         54:4e:9f:c3:b2:ab:68:69:69:93:ac:17:02:5c:ad:70:9f:73:
         98:ba:12:61:1e:94:d1:92:8a:8b:93:b0:f6:74:58:39:f8:96:
         26:7a:ba:fc:48:63:09:95:21:ee:8e:36:5f:c7:ce:5b:61:1c:
         6b:ed:75:a1:b1:9a:74:64:29:6d:03:64:7b:6e:8a:b5:5d:83:
         62:ce:54:96:c5:47:68:7a:63:2a:8c:3c:3c:5f:54:3a:4f:51:
         a7:ae:49:e8:a4:31:6e:58:34:97:74:9f:6d:72:c1:55:23:ea:
         75:7f:23:8b:0e:cb:f7:71:a0:11:64:50:c7:1e:3f:0f:1b:cd:
         4d:d9:3b:79:6c:a4:39:8a:94:72:33:61:5a:fb:07:8a:0c:02:
         73:77:72:c2:9d:6c:a6:d4:b9:32:e2:9a:6e:dc:ff:33:df:ee:
         75:ff:4d:b8:0c:ee:11:ac:a5:f6:39:cb:9b:b2:9b:98:db:db:
         89:8c:18:13:68:99:90:1d:65:99:21:10:14:b7:91:8f:0c:bd:
         2c:1e:fd:0f:fd:9d:f5:dc:2a:1b:8f:15:37:c0:98:6e:e9:0f:
         0d:96:cb:87:43:c5:1e:7e:28:7e:ca:d7:eb:58:e8:32:34:85:
         29:4c:b1:56:b1:57:c6:e5:72:a6:0a:3b:26:64:af:bc:1f:2f:
         72:ee:c7:50:c5:09:98:57:e6:92:5b:30:8b:f8:05:e5:8c:59:
         1b:53:15:96:dc:4a:de:b2:d0:db:9a:6c:ce:60:38:9c:94:0f:
         3c:21:63:ff:50:f9:a2:c1:64:78:02:fd:52:8c:41:ee:78:27:
         c8:d9:74:1c:31:dd:c2:b5:c9:82:48:2d:e5:e0:f3:e9:51:96:
         1a:c0:d3:58:1b:3c:91:b0

Wie auch schon beim graylog-server Zertifikat können wir uns auch den CSR BASE64 kodiert ausgeben lassen.

 # cat /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
MIIE+DCCAuACAQAwgbIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkRFMQ8wDQYDVQQIDAZCYXllcm4xETAP
BgNVBAcMCFBsaWVuaW5nMRMwEQYDVQQKDApuYXVzY2gub3JnMRYwFAYDVQQLDA1J
VC1Nb25pdG9yaW5nMSkwJwYDVQQDDCByc3lzbG9nLnZtbDAwMDAzNy5kbXoubmF1
c2NoLm9yZzEnMCUGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYYZ3JheWxvZy1hZG1pbkBuYXVzY2gub3Jn
MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEA6mVcmjs+qS1/8aWfs+PN
pFP7cDD9yL4A/QQqCPTq0mlmAi3F2bhTjdlafP16khJMq4POeorTDmAWh6CmIV6W
KzaH6YXxG/5Wh+NuMECe9/jyjwX6V9D7EJSkLhbtVcsiYeOsTBNscNrmi4tU9k7U
WFoYBvFhIJgP3EwwTu/Eswxjk4JKiZgua651xzrJYCWsWPza1IM1xpYs2W9eDJ+d
evIuq/AGW/VKdGICg5p24wTbn+5A1QOtRQ1pvjn0AHXbTfDpVnvlPj5jaSPJtAri
0c1WdkGLQ/P8LgHKIRZ9qSTlZZ0hvGS83eH3iTMoOE4JfF187B9nWsCsPbIymnPM
8sVBTBe3dcqtdjd+pvKFEMXj7pWUstJRzFmWyuQPlsF7iUJQYQFsMzIznXJXokWS
8L33R2/BUcC5Bf2pr6hs9psapeQrNAtiBLfDiaqDWlyCsNFyrAvg5JQ8RAuV6aWX
lu7pOLmSdImTMaZeyt342fjq/7NiSkWqHDUF/Cw22rJZr4JpLNdNbN8u/MFK9uH5
V7eDs7FOSDYeV5RlHqk/llYDIUYC3EpURvCZJZzIvyWK1h+6/atwzZbMKDY7ZrD7
SEdZeGlbaWypyqEjVnpH90nPJbUdN4OE/vmKvv++5ZOcwAWZ0xSmziPcdc4MpeNA
z/kQpkCTHyVR9n9cpHS3szkCAwEAAaAAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4ICAQDdJbdV
lK59JJpeTYTovBI3IKJk+f0Vg5qhWXL+Kivf+PMR8ArguQ6uuJPtozxIBlpadG1i
yZ34It6bXjm9ogn6n70+HYc38y+fNZpesMZ6ZgyGT/NsW/tLJZ+D7GTiQ61RkbdW
6/wATrQ2Ci89x1Nn5rCNEWjdGbXuJdnYDEkhVyjsysjqCYU7FFRyc1ha40whPtbm
tH0lGjHsodjHMbz7RB0vaZEaEY4CY7/0j8r8RTzvoTFUTp/DsqtoaWmTrBcCXK1w
n3OYuhJhHpTRkoqLk7D2dFg5+JYmerr8SGMJlSHujjZfx85bYRxr7XWhsZp0ZClt
A2R7boq1XYNizlSWxUdoemMqjDw8X1Q6T1GnrknopDFuWDSXdJ9tcsFVI+p1fyOL
Dsv3caARZFDHHj8PG81N2Tt5bKQ5ipRyM2Fa+weKDAJzd3LCnWym1Lky4ppu3P8z
3+51/024DO4RrKX2OcubspuY29uJjBgTaJmQHWWZIRAUt5GPDL0sHv0P/Z313Cob
jxU3wJhu6Q8NlsuHQ8Uefih+ytfrWOgyNIUpTLFWsVfG5XKmCjsmZK+8Hy9y7sdQ
xQmYV+aSWzCL+AXljFkbUxWW3ErestDbmmzOYDiclA88IWP/UPmiwWR4Av1SjEHu
eCfI2XQcMd3CtcmCSC3l4PPpUZYawNNYGzyRsA==
-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

Damit unsere CA den gerade erstellten CSR prüfen und signieren kann, müssen wir den Certificate Signing Request der CA vorlegen. Wir kopieren entweder den gerade erstellten CSR via scp zum Server auf dem unsere CA erstellt hatten, oder wir legen die CSR-Datei mit dem Editor direkt auf dem Server ab.

 # vim /etc/pki/CA/csrs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

Nun prüfen wir die Angaben des CSR und signieren den öffentlichen Schlüssel des CSRs mit dem privaten Schlüssel unserer CA; dies wir auch als Zertifikatsgenerierung bezeichnet. Diese Arbeit erledigen wir mit Hilfe des folgenden openssl-Aufrufs. Auch hier sind die Eingaben zur besseren Unterscheidung fett und kursiv in der Farbe blau und die Rückmeldungen in der Farbe grau gekennzeichnet.

# openssl ca -in /etc/pki/CA/csrs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem \
              -out /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem -days 10950

Die Option days setzen wir dabei wieder auf 30 Jahre, was 10950 Tage entspricht. Bei der Frage nach der Passphrase des privaten Schlüssels geben wir das Passwort an, welches wir bei der Generierung unserer CA vergeben hatten.

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/CA/private/root-ca.key.pem:des-woas-blos-I-und-sunst-koana!
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Jan  4 10:08:53 2016 GMT
            Not After : Dec 27 10:08:53 2045 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = DE
            stateOrProvinceName       = Bayern
            organizationName          = nausch.org
            organizationalUnitName    = IT-Monitoring
            commonName                = rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org
            emailAddress              = graylog-admin@nausch.org
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                93:2E:9C:FB:B3:9D:5B:55:8A:09:81:B4:FB:C2:CA:86:28:9E:EA:88
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:F7:C3:04:70:25:38:2F:02:82:5D:5F:2F:7F:1B:66:97:43:9F:D8:0E

Certificate is to be certified until Dec 27 10:08:53 2045 GMT (10950 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

 # openssl x509 -noout -text -in /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
    Signature Algorithm: sha512WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=DE, ST=Bayern, L=Pliening, O=nausch.org, OU=Zertifizierungsstelle, CN=graylog CA/emailAddress=ca-admin@nausch.org
        Validity
            Not Before: Jan  4 10:08:53 2016 GMT
            Not After : Dec 27 10:08:53 2045 GMT
        Subject: C=DE, ST=Bayern, O=nausch.org, OU=IT-Monitoring, CN=rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org/emailAddress=graylog-admin@nausch.org
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (4096 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:ea:65:5c:9a:3b:3e:a9:2d:7f:f1:a5:9f:b3:e3:
                    cd:a4:53:fb:70:30:fd:c8:be:00:fd:04:2a:08:f4:
                    ea:d2:69:66:02:2d:c5:d9:b8:53:8d:d9:5a:7c:fd:
                    7a:92:12:4c:ab:83:ce:7a:8a:d3:0e:60:16:87:a0:
                    a6:21:5e:96:2b:36:87:e9:85:f1:1b:fe:56:87:e3:
                    6e:30:40:9e:f7:f8:f2:8f:05:fa:57:d0:fb:10:94:
                    a4:2e:16:ed:55:cb:22:61:e3:ac:4c:13:6c:70:da:
                    e6:8b:8b:54:f6:4e:d4:58:5a:18:06:f1:61:20:98:
                    0f:dc:4c:30:4e:ef:c4:b3:0c:63:93:82:4a:89:98:
                    2e:6b:ae:75:c7:3a:c9:60:25:ac:58:fc:da:d4:83:
                    35:c6:96:2c:d9:6f:5e:0c:9f:9d:7a:f2:2e:ab:f0:
                    06:5b:f5:4a:74:62:02:83:9a:76:e3:04:db:9f:ee:
                    40:d5:03:ad:45:0d:69:be:39:f4:00:75:db:4d:f0:
                    e9:56:7b:e5:3e:3e:63:69:23:c9:b4:0a:e2:d1:cd:
                    56:76:41:8b:43:f3:fc:2e:01:ca:21:16:7d:a9:24:
                    e5:65:9d:21:bc:64:bc:dd:e1:f7:89:33:28:38:4e:
                    09:7c:5d:7c:ec:1f:67:5a:c0:ac:3d:b2:32:9a:73:
                    cc:f2:c5:41:4c:17:b7:75:ca:ad:76:37:7e:a6:f2:
                    85:10:c5:e3:ee:95:94:b2:d2:51:cc:59:96:ca:e4:
                    0f:96:c1:7b:89:42:50:61:01:6c:33:32:33:9d:72:
                    57:a2:45:92:f0:bd:f7:47:6f:c1:51:c0:b9:05:fd:
                    a9:af:a8:6c:f6:9b:1a:a5:e4:2b:34:0b:62:04:b7:
                    c3:89:aa:83:5a:5c:82:b0:d1:72:ac:0b:e0:e4:94:
                    3c:44:0b:95:e9:a5:97:96:ee:e9:38:b9:92:74:89:
                    93:31:a6:5e:ca:dd:f8:d9:f8:ea:ff:b3:62:4a:45:
                    aa:1c:35:05:fc:2c:36:da:b2:59:af:82:69:2c:d7:
                    4d:6c:df:2e:fc:c1:4a:f6:e1:f9:57:b7:83:b3:b1:
                    4e:48:36:1e:57:94:65:1e:a9:3f:96:56:03:21:46:
                    02:dc:4a:54:46:f0:99:25:9c:c8:bf:25:8a:d6:1f:
                    ba:fd:ab:70:cd:96:cc:28:36:3b:66:b0:fb:48:47:
                    59:78:69:5b:69:6c:a9:ca:a1:23:56:7a:47:f7:49:
                    cf:25:b5:1d:37:83:84:fe:f9:8a:be:ff:be:e5:93:
                    9c:c0:05:99:d3:14:a6:ce:23:dc:75:ce:0c:a5:e3:
                    40:cf:f9:10:a6:40:93:1f:25:51:f6:7f:5c:a4:74:
                    b7:b3:39
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                93:2E:9C:FB:B3:9D:5B:55:8A:09:81:B4:FB:C2:CA:86:28:9E:EA:88
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:F7:C3:04:70:25:38:2F:02:82:5D:5F:2F:7F:1B:66:97:43:9F:D8:0E

    Signature Algorithm: sha512WithRSAEncryption
         5a:54:5d:08:53:1d:39:ef:85:c0:af:8e:85:bf:c9:b4:03:49:
         b7:dc:4a:42:ab:46:1f:54:d7:8e:6c:cc:70:00:b0:da:c1:8c:
         d8:92:d1:f1:d9:4d:d9:8f:8a:ad:8e:db:56:1b:8c:c2:63:1d:
         c4:06:41:f2:07:cd:e3:09:4a:68:06:9d:42:cb:e7:05:86:93:
         26:8a:aa:11:fe:74:38:e2:27:9a:0f:a8:38:e3:ea:e6:63:a4:
         70:09:7d:01:69:cc:60:f7:c1:32:3a:d6:3d:9a:3d:e1:6f:8e:
         54:a7:bc:fe:de:9a:e1:f7:cb:75:65:c3:2e:39:34:8b:fc:42:
         f2:05:ea:7f:8b:11:90:d7:fc:17:e6:3e:a1:2c:6f:51:89:dc:
         da:60:12:77:99:2e:b3:20:2a:9b:63:b6:2b:83:60:3c:21:2b:
         8d:a7:b6:a1:7c:31:75:08:e9:49:a9:23:60:22:49:b8:26:11:
         74:00:a9:1e:0c:25:5b:0d:e2:1e:30:61:07:ca:6c:7e:10:92:
         d1:19:73:d9:11:53:8c:cc:50:2d:22:23:9d:de:af:02:c8:c0:
         07:d3:2e:42:15:1a:78:76:03:93:8c:d1:3a:50:19:05:e2:c0:
         6b:58:ae:58:96:10:93:6e:08:7f:b2:c1:53:5c:0e:d2:a7:28:
         e3:74:34:ad:d6:e2:5c:3b:6d:8f:a6:ab:69:b0:c8:b9:52:28:
         be:1f:df:2f:b6:e4:e2:e2:b5:b1:c1:e8:b2:cd:ae:01:7c:ee:
         a1:ae:0d:e2:58:f5:cf:d3:61:d9:48:e2:b0:2e:9a:6c:ce:28:
         bf:3d:02:67:48:ee:25:28:01:4b:e5:48:97:88:80:66:82:29:
         cf:55:da:67:1b:b1:6e:99:88:25:92:f6:fc:bc:6f:89:e0:a1:
         ce:b3:55:8e:39:5a:52:12:ca:06:b7:9a:c3:8a:89:a1:43:53:
         cf:70:8a:94:87:2f:42:24:3c:12:e9:87:fa:d3:9e:de:33:28:
         55:8c:9b:f1:aa:b4:4d:ba:7d:de:b7:33:bc:6b:e2:8a:82:d4:
         d8:ae:84:78:90:27:3d:e2:15:da:fe:3a:b4:df:46:38:5c:a8:
         5b:55:81:91:f2:38:20:2a:f9:28:5d:88:9d:b6:b4:d1:4b:07:
         26:a4:ef:ab:fa:e7:e9:34:61:01:8d:77:8d:ae:4b:b7:19:93:
         dd:64:16:90:a0:86:eb:c2:51:a2:0c:a3:91:b5:d8:cb:70:1b:
         f0:42:c8:71:19:60:1f:5e:6a:4f:66:2d:42:75:d2:c2:3f:82:
         b1:3c:c1:5e:67:7b:99:f9:b1:35:16:00:ff:f8:c0:e8:91:8f:
         99:f6:cf:7e:07:2e:48:57

 # cat /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Als letzten Schritt stellen wir nun das gerade erzeugte Server-Zertifikat dem rsyslog-Daemon auf dem Client-Rechner zur Verfügung. Entweder kopieren wir das Zertifikat via scp auf den Clientrechner oder wir legen das BASE64 kodierte Zertifikat direkt mit dem Editor unserer Wahl auf dem Client Host ab.

 # vim /etc/pki/tls/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Will man ein ausgestelltes Zertifikat zurückziehen (revoken) nutzen wir ebenfalls das Programm openssl.

 # openssl ca -revoke /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/CA/private/root-ca.key.pem:
Revoking Certificate 02.
Data Base Updated

Nachdem wir die benötigten Schlüssel und Zertifikate erfolgreich erstellt haben, machen wir uns nun an die Konfiguration des graylog-server.

Damit der graylog-server die zur Einlieferung von syslog-Daten berechtigten Clients prüfen kann, benötigt dieser ein Verzeichnis, in dem wir die Clientzertifikate ablegen können.

Zunächst erstellen wir uns ein Verzeichnis.

 # mkdir /etc/pki/tls/graylog-client-certs

Anschließend kopieren wir das Clientzertifikat unseres Clientrechners vml000037 in das Clientverzeichnis.

 # cp /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem /etc/pki/tls/graylog-client-certs/

Bevor wir die Konfiguration über die WEB-GUI unseres graylog-Webservers vornehmen, rufen wir uns die benötigten Zertifikate und Schlüssel noch einmal kurz in Erinnerung. So können wir später die Pfadangaben einfach via cut 'n' paste kopieren.

 # ll /etc/pki/CA/certs/root-ca.certifikate.pem 

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2167 Jan  3 23:57 /etc/pki/CA/certs/root-ca.certifikate.pem

 # ll /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem 

-r--------. 1 root root 3243 Jan  4 00:12 /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

 # ll /etc/pki/tls/certs/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem 

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2212 Jan  4 00:32 /etc/pki/tls/certs/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

Nun öffnen wir den zu konfigurierenden Input in der WEB-GUI mit dem Browser unserer Wahl.

 $ firefox https://graylog.nausch.org/system/inputs

Folgende Optionen sind für die TLS-Aktivierung wichtig:

• Port = 6514
• TLS cert file (optional) = /etc/pki/tls/certs/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem
• TLS private key file (optional) = /etc/pki/tls/private/graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem
• TLS client authentication (optional) = required
• TLS Client Auth Trusted Certs (optional) = /etc/pki/tls/graylog-client-certs
• Enable TLS (optional) * TCP keepalive (optional)

Über die Schaltfläche [ Update input ] verlassen und speichern wir unsere Änderungen.

Mit dem Update des Inputs wird auch der Port 6514 geöffnet; dies können wir mit Hilfe von netstat auch abfragen.

 # netstat -tulpen | grep 6514

tcp6       0      0 :::6514                 :::*                    LISTEN      988        9660525    1391/java

Damit sich unsere Clients auch mit dem Port 6514 verbinden können, benötigen wir eine passende Firewall-Regel, die wir nun noch anlegen müssen.

 # firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="10.0.0.0/24" port protocol="tcp" port="6514" destination address="10.0.0.117/32" accept"

success

Zum Aktivieren führen wir einen reload des firewalld Daemon durch.

 # firewall-cmd --reload

Zu guter letzt prüfen wir nun mit Hilfe von telnet, ob wir uns vom client vml000037 mit dem Port 6514 unseres graylog-servers vml000117 verbinden können

 # telnet vml000117 6514

Trying 10.0.0.117...
Connected to 10.0.0.117.
Escape character is '^]'.

Connection closed by foreign host.

Damit der rsyslog-Daemon TLS-gesicherte Verbindungen aufbauen kann, muss dieser über das Modul lmnsd_gtls verfügen. Dieses Modul ist Bestandteil des RPM-Paketes rsyslog-gnutls.

In aller Regel wird das RPM rsyslog-gnutlsnoch nicht installiert sein, so dass wir dieses nun mit Hilfe von yum noch nachholen müssen.

 # yum install rsyslog-gnutls -y

Den Inhalt dieses Paketes können wir wir folgt bei Bedarf ermitteln.

 # rpm -qil rsyslog-gnutls

Name        : rsyslog-gnutls
Version     : 7.4.7
Release     : 12.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Sun 03 Jan 2016 02:12:09 PM CET
Group       : System Environment/Daemons
Size        : 33480
License     : (GPLv3+ and ASL 2.0)
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Wed 25 Nov 2015 04:37:32 PM CET, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : rsyslog-7.4.7-12.el7.src.rpm
Build Date  : Fri 20 Nov 2015 12:34:35 PM CET
Build Host  : worker1.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : http://www.rsyslog.com/
Summary     : TLS protocol support for rsyslog
Description :
The rsyslog-gnutls package contains the rsyslog plugins that provide the
ability to receive syslog messages via upcoming syslog-transport-tls
IETF standard protocol.
/usr/lib64/rsyslog/lmnsd_gtls.so

Wie schon bei der Konfiguration des graylog-server's, rufen wir uns auch hier nochmal die benötigten ins Gedächtnis. Lassen sich so so einfache Typo-Fehler bveim Bearbeiten vermeiden.

 # ll /etc/pki/CA/certs/root-ca.certifikate.pem

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2167 Jan  4 12:18 /etc/pki/CA/certs/root-ca.certifikate.pem

 # ll /etc/pki/tls/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem 

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2216 Jan  4 11:13 /etc/pki/tls/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

 # ll /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem 

-r--------. 1 root root 3243 Jan  4 10:57 /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

Nun bearbeiten wir die Konfigurationsdatei unseres rsyslog-Daemon und hinterlegen dort die entsprechenden Pfadangaben zu dem lmnsd_gtls-Modul, der Schlüsseldatei und den Zertifikaten. Die wichtigsten Änderungen sind hier noch einmal zusammengefasst:

• $DefaultNetstreamDriver gtls
• $DefaultNetstreamDriverCAFile /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/root-ca.nausch.org.pem
• $DefaultNetstreamDriverCertFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem
• $DefaultNetstreamDriverKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem
• $ActionSendStreamDriverAuthMode x509/name
• $ActionSendStreamDriverPermittedPeer graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org
• $ActionSendStreamDriverMode 1

Alle Änderungen in der Konfigurationsdatei sind mit dem Namen Django : <Datumsstempel> versehen.

 # vim /etc/rsyslog.conf

/etc/rsyslog.conf

# rsyslog configuration file
 
# For more information see /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-*/rsyslog_conf.html
# If you experience problems, see http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/troubleshoot.html
 
#### MODULES ####
 
# Django : 2016-01-03
# default: unset
$DefaultNetstreamDriver gtls #make gtls driver the default
 
# The imjournal module bellow is now used as a message source instead of imuxsock.
$ModLoad imuxsock # provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command)
# Django : 2017-09-26
# default: $ModLoad imjournal # provides access to the systemd journal
#$ModLoad imklog # reads kernel messages (the same are read from journald)
#$ModLoad immark  # provides --MARK-- message capability
 
# Provides UDP syslog reception
#$ModLoad imudp
#$UDPServerRun 514
 
# Provides TCP syslog reception
#$ModLoad imtcp
#$InputTCPServerRun 514
 
 
#### GLOBAL DIRECTIVES ####
 
# Where to place auxiliary files
$WorkDirectory /var/lib/rsyslog
 
# Use default timestamp format
$ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat
 
# File syncing capability is disabled by default. This feature is usually not required,
# not useful and an extreme performance hit
#$ActionFileEnableSync on
 
# Include all config files in /etc/rsyslog.d/
$IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
 
# Turn off message reception via local log socket;
# local messages are retrieved through imjournal now.
# Django : 2017-09-26
# default: $OmitLocalLogging on
 
# File to store the position in the journal
# Django : 2017-09-26
# default: $IMJournalStateFile imjournal.state
 
# Django : 2016-01-03 - certificate files for TLS
# default: unset
$DefaultNetstreamDriverCAFile   /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/root-ca.nausch.org.pem
$DefaultNetstreamDriverCertFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem
$DefaultNetstreamDriverKeyFile  /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000037.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem
 
$ActionSendStreamDriverAuthMode x509/name
$ActionSendStreamDriverPermittedPeer graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org
#          run driver in TLS-only mode
$ActionSendStreamDriverMode 1
 
#### RULES ####
 
# Log all kernel messages to the console.
# Logging much else clutters up the screen.
#kern.*                                                 /dev/console
 
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none                /var/log/messages
 
# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.*                                              /var/log/secure
 
# Log all the mail messages in one place.
mail.*                                                  -/var/log/maillog
 
 
# Log cron stuff
cron.*                                                  /var/log/cron
 
# Everybody gets emergency messages
*.emerg                                                 :omusrmsg:*
 
# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.
uucp,news.crit                                          /var/log/spooler
 
# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.*                                                /var/log/boot.log
 
# Django : 2015-07-14 Logging für OpenLDAP-Server aktiviert
local4.*                                                -/var/log/ldap.log
#
 
# ### begin forwarding rule ###
# The statement between the begin ... end define a SINGLE forwarding
# rule. They belong together, do NOT split them. If you create multiple
# forwarding rules, duplicate the whole block!
# Remote Logging (we use TCP for reliable delivery)
#
# An on-disk queue is created for this action. If the remote host is
# down, messages are spooled to disk and sent when it is up again.
#$ActionQueueFileName fwdRule1 # unique name prefix for spool files
#$ActionQueueMaxDiskSpace 1g   # 1gb space limit (use as much as possible)
#$ActionQueueSaveOnShutdown on # save messages to disk on shutdown
#$ActionQueueType LinkedList   # run asynchronously
#$ActionResumeRetryCount -1    # infinite retries if host is down
# remote host is: name/ip:port, e.g. 192.168.0.1:514, port optional
#*.* @@remote-host:514
#
# Django : 2015-06-12
#$template GRAYLOGRFC5424,"<%PRI%>%PROTOCOL-VERSION% %TIMESTAMP:::date-rfc3339% %HOSTNAME% %APP-NAME% %PROCID% %MSGID% %STRUCTURED-DATA% %msg%\n"
#*.* @@10.0.0.117:514;GRAYLOGRFC5424
# Django : 2016-01-03
$template GRAYLOGRFC5424,"<%PRI%>%PROTOCOL-VERSION% %TIMESTAMP:::date-rfc3339% %HOSTNAME% %APP-NAME% %PROCID% %MSGID% %STRUCTURED-DATA% %msg%\n"
*.* @@10.0.0.117:6514;RSYSLOG_SyslogProtocol23Format
#
# ### end of the forwarding rule ###

Zum Aktivieren der Änderungen führen wir nun einmal einen Reboot des rsyslog-Daemon durch.

 # systemctl restart rsyslog.service

Im Syslog unseres Servers wir der erfolgreiche Neustart des rsyslog-Daemon entsprechend positiv vermerkt.

 # tailf /var/log/messages

Jan  4 12:34:45 vml000037 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="7.4.7" x-pid="28477" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] exiting on signal 15.
Jan  4 12:34:45 vml000037 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="7.4.7" x-pid="28869" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start

Rufen wir nun wieder die Web-GUI unseres graylog-Webservers auf, wird sowohl die aktive Verbindung wie auch die bereits übertragenen Daten angezeigt.

 $ firefox https://graylog.nausch.org/system/inputs

Alles in allem können wir feststellen, dass mit einem überschaubaren Aufwand, die Kommunikation zwischen den rsyslog-Clients und unserem graylog-server sicher und nur noch von authorisierten Quellen gestattet werden kann.

Um nun bei der Generierung der Zertifikats-Requests und der Erstellung der zugehörigen Zertifikate nicht jedesmal die benötigten Angaben erneut eintippen zu müssen werden wir nun die wiederkehrenden Informationen in der Konfigurationsdatei /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf hinterlegen.

 # vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#
 
# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME			= .
RANDFILE		= $ENV::HOME/.rnd
 
# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file		= $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section		= new_oids
 
# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions		= 
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)
 
[ new_oids ]
 
# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6
 
# Policies used by the TSA examples.
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7
 
####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca	= CA_default		# The default ca section
 
####################################################################
[ CA_default ]
 
dir		= /etc/pki/CA		# Where everything is kept
certs		= $dir/certs		# Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir		= $dir/crl		# Where the issued crl are kept
database	= $dir/index.txt	# database index file.
#unique_subject	= no			# Set to 'no' to allow creation of
					# several ctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir	= $dir/newcerts		# default place for new certs.
 
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: certificate	= $dir/cacert.pem 	# The CA certificate
certificate	= $dir/certs/root-ca.certifikate.pem
serial		= $dir/serial 		# The current serial number
crlnumber	= $dir/crlnumber	# the current crl number
					# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl		= $dir/crl.pem 		# The current CRL
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: private_key	= $dir/private/cakey.pem   # The private key
private_key	= $dir/private/root-ca.key.pem
RANDFILE	= $dir/private/.rand	# private random number file
 
x509_extensions	= usr_cert		# The extentions to add to the cert
 
# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt 	= ca_default		# Subject Name options
cert_opt 	= ca_default		# Certificate field options
 
# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy
 
# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions	= crl_ext
 
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: default_days	= 365			# how long to certify for
default_days	= 10950 
default_crl_days= 30			# how long before next CRL
default_md	= sha256		# use SHA-256 by default
preserve	= no			# keep passed DN ordering
 
# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy		= policy_match
 
# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName		= match
stateOrProvinceName	= match
organizationName	= match
organizationalUnitName	= optional
commonName		= supplied
emailAddress		= optional
 
# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName		= optional
stateOrProvinceName	= optional
localityName		= optional
organizationName	= optional
organizationalUnitName	= optional
commonName		= supplied
emailAddress		= optional
 
####################################################################
[ req ]
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: default_bits		= 2048
default_bits		= 4096
default_md		= sha256
default_keyfile 	= privkey.pem
distinguished_name	= req_distinguished_name
attributes		= req_attributes
x509_extensions	= v3_ca	# The extentions to add to the self signed cert
 
# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret
 
# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options. 
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix	 : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
string_mask = utf8only
 
# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
 
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName			= Country Name (2 letter code)
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: countryName_default		= XX
countryName_default		= DE
countryName_min			= 2
countryName_max			= 2
 
stateOrProvinceName		= State or Province Name (full name)
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: #stateOrProvinceName_default	= Default Province
stateOrProvinceName_default	= Bayern
 
localityName			= Locality Name (eg, city)
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: localityName_default		= Default City
localityName_default		= Pliening 
 
0.organizationName		= Organization Name (eg, company)
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: 0.organizationName_default	= Default Company Ltd
0.organizationName_default	= nausch.org
 
# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName		= Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default	= World Wide Web Pty Ltd
 
organizationalUnitName		= Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: #organizationalUnitName_default	=
organizationalUnitName_default	= IT-Monitoring
 
commonName			= Common Name (eg, your name or your server\'s hostname)
commonName_max			= 64
 
emailAddress			= Email Address
emailAddress_max		= 64
# Django : 2017-02-14
# default: unset
emailAddress_default		= graylog-admin@nausch.org
 
# SET-ex3			= SET extension number 3
 
[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword		= A challenge password
challengePassword_min		= 4
challengePassword_max		= 20
 
unstructuredName		= An optional company name
 
[ usr_cert ]
 
# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.
 
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
 
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
 
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
 
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType			= server
 
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
 
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
 
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
 
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
 
# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment			= "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
 
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
 
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
 
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
 
#nsCaRevocationUrl		= http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
 
# This is required for TSA certificates.
# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping
 
[ v3_req ]
 
# Extensions to add to a certificate request
 
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
 
[ v3_ca ]
 
 
# Extensions for a typical CA
 
 
# PKIX recommendation.
 
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
 
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
 
# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical
# extensions.
#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
# So we do this instead.
basicConstraints = CA:true
 
# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign
 
# Some might want this also
# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA
 
# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
 
# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF
 
[ crl_ext ]
 
# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.
 
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always
 
[ proxy_cert_ext ]
# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate
 
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
 
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
 
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
 
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType			= server
 
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
 
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
 
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
 
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
 
# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment			= "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
 
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
 
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
 
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
 
#nsCaRevocationUrl		= http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
 
# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo
 
####################################################################
[ tsa ]
 
default_tsa = tsa_config1	# the default TSA section
 
[ tsa_config1 ]
 
# These are used by the TSA reply generation only.
dir		= ./demoCA		# TSA root directory
serial		= $dir/tsaserial	# The current serial number (mandatory)
crypto_device	= builtin		# OpenSSL engine to use for signing
signer_cert	= $dir/tsacert.pem 	# The TSA signing certificate
					# (optional)
certs		= $dir/cacert.pem	# Certificate chain to include in reply
					# (optional)
signer_key	= $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
 
default_policy	= tsa_policy1		# Policy if request did not specify it
					# (optional)
other_policies	= tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3	# acceptable policies (optional)
digests		= sha1, sha256, sha384, sha512	# Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
accuracy	= secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100	# (optional)
clock_precision_digits  = 0	# number of digits after dot. (optional)
ordering		= yes	# Is ordering defined for timestamps?
				# (optional, default: no)
tsa_name		= yes	# Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
				# (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_chain	= no	# Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
				# (optional, default: no)

Bei einem neune Client, den wir an unseren graylog Server anbinden wollen, sind nun zusammengefasst folgende Schritte nötig (im nachfolgenden Beispiel für Host vml000137):

• auf dem graylog Server:
  1. Schlüssel für den rsyslog-Client erzeugen

      # openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/tls/clientkey.pem -aes256 4096

  2. Passphrase des gerade erzeiugten Client-Schlüssels entfernen

      # openssl rsa -in /etc/pki/tls/clientkey.pem -out /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

  3. Schlüssel mit passphrase vernichten

      # shred -u /etc/pki/tls/clientkey.pem

  4. Schlüssel auf den Clientrechner transferieren

      # cat /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

      # vim /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem

  5. Zertificatsrequest erzeugen

      # openssl req -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem \
                -out /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem -nodes

  6. Zertifikatsrequest der eigenen CA vorlegen.

      # cp -a /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem \
                 /etc/pki/CA/csrs/ 

  7. Zertifikatsrequest durch die CA bearbeiten und Zertifikat erzeugen.

      # openssl ca -in /etc/pki/CA/csrs/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.csr.pem \
                -out /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

  8. Zertifikat ausgeben und auf den Client-/rsyslog-Host transferieren.

      # cat /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

      # vim /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem

  9. Clientzertifikat dem graylog Server bekannt machden.

      # cp /etc/pki/CA/certs/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem \
                /etc/pki/tls/graylog-client-certs/

  10. Root CA Zertifikat dem Client zur Verfügung stellen.

       # cat /etc/pki/CA/certs/root-ca.certifikate.pem

       # vim /etc/pki/CA/certs/root-ca.certifikate.pem

  11. rsyslog-gnutls auf dem Client installieren.

       # yum install rsyslog-gnutls -y

  12. originale rsyslog-Konfigurationsdatei sichern.

       # cp -a /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf.orig

  13. rsyslog konfigurieren.

       # vim /etc/rsyslog.conf

      /etc/rsyslog.conf

      # rsyslog configuration file
       
      # For more information see /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-*/rsyslog_conf.html
      # If you experience problems, see http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/troubleshoot.html
       
      #### MODULES ####
       
      # Django : 2017-2-14
      # default: unset
      $DefaultNetstreamDriver gtls #make gtls driver the default
       
      # The imjournal module bellow is now used as a message source instead of imuxsock.
      $ModLoad imuxsock # provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command)
      # Django : 2017-09-26
      # default: $ModLoad imjournal # provides access to the systemd journal
      #$ModLoad imklog # reads kernel messages (the same are read from journald)
      #$ModLoad immark  # provides --MARK-- message capability
       
      # Provides UDP syslog reception
      #$ModLoad imudp
      #$UDPServerRun 514
       
      # Provides TCP syslog reception
      #$ModLoad imtcp
      #$InputTCPServerRun 514
       
       
      #### GLOBAL DIRECTIVES ####
       
      # Where to place auxiliary files
      $WorkDirectory /var/lib/rsyslog
       
      # Use default timestamp format
      $ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat
       
      # File syncing capability is disabled by default. This feature is usually not required,
      # not useful and an extreme performance hit
      #$ActionFileEnableSync on
       
      # Include all config files in /etc/rsyslog.d/
      $IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
       
      # Turn off message reception via local log socket;
      # local messages are retrieved through imjournal now.
      # Django : 2017-09-26
      # default: $OmitLocalLogging on
       
      # File to store the position in the journal
      # Django : 2017-09-26
      # default: $IMJournalStateFile imjournal.state
       
      # Django : 2017-02-14 - certificate files for TLS
      # default: unset
      $DefaultNetstreamDriverCAFile   /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/root-ca.nausch.org.pem
      $DefaultNetstreamDriverCertFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.certificate.pem
      $DefaultNetstreamDriverKeyFile  /etc/pki/tls/private/rsyslog.vml000137.dmz.nausch.org.key.pem
       
      $ActionSendStreamDriverAuthMode x509/name
      $ActionSendStreamDriverPermittedPeer graylog-server.dmz.nausch.org
      #          run driver in TLS-only mode
      $ActionSendStreamDriverMode 1
       
      #### RULES ####
       
      # Log all kernel messages to the console.
      # Logging much else clutters up the screen.
      #kern.*                                                 /dev/console
       
      # Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
      # Don't log private authentication messages!
      *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none                /var/log/messages
       
      # The authpriv file has restricted access.
      authpriv.*                                              /var/log/secure
       
      # Log all the mail messages in one place.
      mail.*                                                  -/var/log/maillog
       
       
      # Log cron stuff
      cron.*                                                  /var/log/cron
       
      # Everybody gets emergency messages
      *.emerg                                                 :omusrmsg:*
       
      # Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.
      uucp,news.crit                                          /var/log/spooler
       
      # Save boot messages also to boot.log
      local7.*                                                /var/log/boot.log
       
       
      # ### begin forwarding rule ###
      # The statement between the begin ... end define a SINGLE forwarding
      # rule. They belong together, do NOT split them. If you create multiple
      # forwarding rules, duplicate the whole block!
      # Remote Logging (we use TCP for reliable delivery)
      #
      # An on-disk queue is created for this action. If the remote host is
      # down, messages are spooled to disk and sent when it is up again.
      #$ActionQueueFileName fwdRule1 # unique name prefix for spool files
      #$ActionQueueMaxDiskSpace 1g   # 1gb space limit (use as much as possible)
      #$ActionQueueSaveOnShutdown on # save messages to disk on shutdown
      #$ActionQueueType LinkedList   # run asynchronously
      #$ActionResumeRetryCount -1    # infinite retries if host is down
      # remote host is: name/ip:port, e.g. 192.168.0.1:514, port optional
      #*.* @@remote-host:514
      #
      # Django : 2017-02-14
      $template GRAYLOGRFC5424,"<%PRI%>%PROTOCOL-VERSION% %TIMESTAMP:::date-rfc3339% %HOSTNAME% %APP-NAME% %PROCID% %MSGID% %STRUCTURED-DATA% %msg%\n"
      *.* @10.0.0.117:6514;RSYSLOG_SyslogProtocol23Format
      #
      # ### end of the forwarding rule ###

  14. rsyslog-Daemon neu starten zum Aktivieren der Konfigurationsänderung.

       # systemctl restart rsyslog.service

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