Installation und Konfigurationsdateien von Postfix unter CentOS 7.x
Nachdem wir uns einen grundlegenden Überblick über Postfix verschafft haben, werden wir uns nun eingehend mit der Installation und Grundkonfiguration unseres Postfix-MTA1) beschäftigen.
Installation
Postfix 2.10
Seit CentOS 6.0 wird als MTA Postfix installiert - aktuell ist dies der 2.10er Release. Falls bereits nicht bei der Grundinstallation unseres Hosts automatisch der MTA installiert wurde, holen wir diesen Schritt mit Hilfe von yum einfach nach.
# yum install postfix -y
Was uns das RPM-Paket alles mitgebracht hat, erkunden wir bei Bedarf mit Hilfe des Befehls rpm -qil.
# rpm -qil
Name : postfix Epoch : 2 Version : 2.10.1 Release : 6.el7 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Sun 28 Sep 2014 09:04:39 PM CEST Group : System Environment/Daemons Size : 12773475 License : IBM and GPLv2+ Signature : RSA/SHA256, Fri 04 Jul 2014 06:33:15 AM CEST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5 Source RPM : postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.src.rpm Build Date : Tue 10 Jun 2014 03:39:36 AM CEST Build Host : worker1.bsys.centos.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> Vendor : CentOS URL : http://www.postfix.org Summary : Postfix Mail Transport Agent Description : Postfix is a Mail Transport Agent (MTA), supporting LDAP, SMTP AUTH (SASL), TLS /etc/pam.d/smtp /etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix /etc/postfix /etc/postfix/access /etc/postfix/canonical /etc/postfix/generic /etc/postfix/header_checks /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/master.cf /etc/postfix/relocated /etc/postfix/transport /etc/postfix/virtual /etc/sasl2/smtpd.conf /usr/bin/mailq /usr/bin/mailq.postfix /usr/bin/newaliases /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix /usr/bin/rmail /usr/bin/rmail.postfix /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.postfix /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service /usr/libexec/postfix /usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb /usr/libexec/postfix/anvil /usr/libexec/postfix/bounce /usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update /usr/libexec/postfix/cleanup /usr/libexec/postfix/discard /usr/libexec/postfix/dnsblog /usr/libexec/postfix/error /usr/libexec/postfix/flush /usr/libexec/postfix/lmtp /usr/libexec/postfix/local /usr/libexec/postfix/main.cf /usr/libexec/postfix/master /usr/libexec/postfix/master.cf /usr/libexec/postfix/nqmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/oqmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup /usr/libexec/postfix/pipe /usr/libexec/postfix/post-install /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-files /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-script /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-wrapper /usr/libexec/postfix/postmulti-script /usr/libexec/postfix/postscreen /usr/libexec/postfix/proxymap /usr/libexec/postfix/qmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/qmqpd /usr/libexec/postfix/scache /usr/libexec/postfix/showq /usr/libexec/postfix/smtp /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd /usr/libexec/postfix/spawn /usr/libexec/postfix/tlsmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/tlsproxy /usr/libexec/postfix/trivial-rewrite /usr/libexec/postfix/verify /usr/libexec/postfix/virtual /usr/sbin/postalias /usr/sbin/postcat /usr/sbin/postconf /usr/sbin/postdrop /usr/sbin/postfix /usr/sbin/postkick /usr/sbin/postlock /usr/sbin/postlog /usr/sbin/postmap /usr/sbin/postmulti /usr/sbin/postqueue /usr/sbin/postsuper /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix /usr/sbin/smtp-sink /usr/sbin/smtp-source /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1 /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/COMPATIBILITY /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README-Postfix-SASL-RedHat.txt /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/AAAREADME /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_CLASS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_REWRITING_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_VERIFICATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BACKSCATTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BUILTIN_FILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CDB_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CONNECTION_CACHE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CONTENT_INSPECTION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DATABASE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DB_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DEBUG_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DSN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ETRN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/FILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/IPV6_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LDAP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LINUX_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LOCAL_RECIPIENT_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MAILDROP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MEMCACHE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MULTI_INSTANCE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MYSQL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/NFS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/OVERVIEW /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PACKAGE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PCRE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PGSQL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/POSTSCREEN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/QSHAPE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/RELEASE_NOTES /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SASL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SCHEDULER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_ACCESS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_POLICY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_PROXY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SOHO_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SQLITE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/STRESS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TLS_LEGACY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TLS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TUNING_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ULTRIX_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/UUCP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/VERP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/VIRTUAL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/XCLIENT_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/XFORWARD_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/TLS_ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/TLS_LICENSE /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/bounce.cf.default /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/chroot-setup /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/chroot-setup/LINUX2 /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/qmail-local /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/qmail-local/qmail-local.txt /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy/README.SPF /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy/greylist.pl /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/main.cf.default /usr/share/man/man1/mailq.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mailq.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postalias.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postcat.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postconf.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postdrop.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postkick.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postlock.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postlog.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postmap.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postmulti.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postqueue.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postsuper.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/sendmail.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/smtp-sink.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/smtp-source.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/access.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/aliases.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/aliases.postfix.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/body_checks.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/bounce.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/canonical.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/cidr_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/generic.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/header_checks.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/ldap_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/master.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/memcache_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/mysql_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/nisplus_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/pcre_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/pgsql_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/postconf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/postfix-wrapper.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/regexp_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/relocated.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/sqlite_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/tcp_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/transport.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/virtual.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/anvil.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/bounce.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/cleanup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/defer.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/discard.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnsblog.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/error.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/flush.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/lmtp.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/local.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/master.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/oqmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pickup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pipe.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/postscreen.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/proxymap.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/qmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/qmqpd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/scache.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/showq.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/smtp.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/smtpd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/spawn.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/tlsmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/tlsproxy.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/trace.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/trivial-rewrite.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/verify.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/virtual.8.gz /var/lib/misc/postfix.aliasesdb-stamp /var/lib/postfix /var/spool/postfix /var/spool/postfix/active /var/spool/postfix/bounce /var/spool/postfix/corrupt /var/spool/postfix/defer /var/spool/postfix/deferred /var/spool/postfix/flush /var/spool/postfix/hold /var/spool/postfix/incoming /var/spool/postfix/maildrop /var/spool/postfix/pid /var/spool/postfix/private /var/spool/postfix/public /var/spool/postfix/saved /var/spool/postfix/trace
Postfix 2.11
Mit dem Netzwerkprotokoll DANE2) kann die Kommunikation mit anderen MTAs weiter abgesichert werden. Die X.509-Zertifikate für die Transportverschlüsselung werden dabei mit DNS-Einträgen verknüpft und sind somit per DNSSEC3) sicher abgesichert. Dieses neue Sicherheitsfeature steht ab Postfix Version 2.11 zur Verfügung.
Die entsprechenden Pakete für die Installation von Postfix 2.11 nehmen wir am einfachsten wieder mit Hilfe von yum vor - Voraussetzung man hat sich das Paket vom Repository mailserver.guru heruntergeladen.
# yum localinstall http://repo.mailserver.guru/7/os/x86_64/Packages/postfix-2.11.6-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
Einfacher geht es natürlich, wenn das Repository mailserver.guru eingebunden hat. Dann reicht der gewohnte Aufruf von yum.
# yum install postfix -y
Was uns das RPM-Paket alles mitgebracht hat, erkunden wir bei Bedarf mit Hilfe des Befehls rpm -qil.
# rpm -qil postfix
Name : postfix Epoch : 2 Version : 2.11.6 Release : 1.el7.centos Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Wed 07 Oct 2015 09:43:33 AM CEST Group : System Environment/Daemons Size : 13027820 License : IBM and GPLv2+ Signature : RSA/SHA1, Wed 07 Oct 2015 09:38:48 AM CEST, Key ID 60ecfb9e8195aea0 Source RPM : postfix-2.11.6-1.el7.centos.src.rpm Build Date : Wed 07 Oct 2015 09:38:24 AM CEST Build Host : vml000200.dmz.nausch.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : Django <django@mailserver.guru> Vendor : Django URL : http://www.postfix.org Summary : Postfix Mail Transport Agent Description : Postfix is a Mail Transport Agent (MTA), supporting LDAP, SMTP AUTH (SASL), TLS /etc/pam.d/smtp /etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix /etc/postfix /etc/postfix/access /etc/postfix/canonical /etc/postfix/generic /etc/postfix/header_checks /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/master.cf /etc/postfix/relocated /etc/postfix/transport /etc/postfix/virtual /etc/sasl2/smtpd.conf /usr/bin/mailq /usr/bin/mailq.postfix /usr/bin/newaliases /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix /usr/bin/rmail /usr/bin/rmail.postfix /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.postfix /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service /usr/libexec/postfix /usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb /usr/libexec/postfix/anvil /usr/libexec/postfix/bounce /usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update /usr/libexec/postfix/cleanup /usr/libexec/postfix/discard /usr/libexec/postfix/dnsblog /usr/libexec/postfix/error /usr/libexec/postfix/flush /usr/libexec/postfix/lmtp /usr/libexec/postfix/local /usr/libexec/postfix/main.cf /usr/libexec/postfix/master /usr/libexec/postfix/master.cf /usr/libexec/postfix/nqmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/oqmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup /usr/libexec/postfix/pipe /usr/libexec/postfix/post-install /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-files /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-script /usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-wrapper /usr/libexec/postfix/postmulti-script /usr/libexec/postfix/postscreen /usr/libexec/postfix/proxymap /usr/libexec/postfix/qmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/qmqpd /usr/libexec/postfix/scache /usr/libexec/postfix/showq /usr/libexec/postfix/smtp /usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd /usr/libexec/postfix/spawn /usr/libexec/postfix/tlsmgr /usr/libexec/postfix/tlsproxy /usr/libexec/postfix/trivial-rewrite /usr/libexec/postfix/verify /usr/libexec/postfix/virtual /usr/sbin/postalias /usr/sbin/postcat /usr/sbin/postconf /usr/sbin/postdrop /usr/sbin/postfix /usr/sbin/postkick /usr/sbin/postlock /usr/sbin/postlog /usr/sbin/postmap /usr/sbin/postmulti /usr/sbin/postqueue /usr/sbin/postsuper /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix /usr/sbin/smtp-sink /usr/sbin/smtp-source /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6 /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/COMPATIBILITY /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README-Postfix-SASL-RedHat.txt /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/AAAREADME /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/ADDRESS_CLASS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/ADDRESS_REWRITING_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/ADDRESS_VERIFICATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/BACKSCATTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/BUILTIN_FILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/CDB_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/CONNECTION_CACHE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/CONTENT_INSPECTION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/DATABASE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/DB_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/DEBUG_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/DSN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/ETRN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/FILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/FORWARD_SECRECY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/IPV6_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/LDAP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/LINUX_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/LMDB_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/LOCAL_RECIPIENT_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/MAILDROP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/MEMCACHE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/MILTER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/MULTI_INSTANCE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/MYSQL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/NFS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/OVERVIEW /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/PACKAGE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/PCRE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/PGSQL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/POSTSCREEN_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/QSHAPE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/RELEASE_NOTES /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/SASL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/SCHEDULER_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/SMTPD_ACCESS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/SMTPD_POLICY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/SMTPD_PROXY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/SOHO_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/SQLITE_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/STRESS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/TLS_LEGACY_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/TLS_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/TUNING_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/ULTRIX_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/UUCP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/VERP_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/VIRTUAL_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/XCLIENT_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/README_FILES/XFORWARD_README /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/TLS_ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/TLS_LICENSE /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/bounce.cf.default /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/examples /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/examples/chroot-setup /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/examples/chroot-setup/LINUX2 /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/examples/qmail-local /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/examples/qmail-local/qmail-local.txt /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/examples/smtpd-policy /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/examples/smtpd-policy/README.SPF /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/examples/smtpd-policy/greylist.pl /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.6/main.cf.default /usr/share/man/man1/mailq.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mailq.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postalias.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postcat.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postconf.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postdrop.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postkick.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postlock.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postlog.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postmap.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postmulti.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postqueue.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/postsuper.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/sendmail.postfix.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/smtp-sink.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/smtp-source.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/access.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/aliases.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/aliases.postfix.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/body_checks.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/bounce.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/canonical.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/cidr_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/generic.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/header_checks.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/ldap_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/lmdb_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/master.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/memcache_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/mysql_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/nisplus_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/pcre_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/pgsql_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/postconf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/postfix-wrapper.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/regexp_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/relocated.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/socketmap_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/sqlite_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/tcp_table.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/transport.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/virtual.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/anvil.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/bounce.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/cleanup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/defer.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/discard.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/dnsblog.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/error.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/flush.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/lmtp.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/local.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/master.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/oqmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pickup.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pipe.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/postscreen.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/proxymap.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/qmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/qmqpd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/scache.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/showq.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/smtp.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/smtpd.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/spawn.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/tlsmgr.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/tlsproxy.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/trace.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/trivial-rewrite.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/verify.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/virtual.8.gz /var/lib/misc/postfix.aliasesdb-stamp /var/lib/postfix /var/spool/postfix /var/spool/postfix/active /var/spool/postfix/bounce /var/spool/postfix/corrupt /var/spool/postfix/defer /var/spool/postfix/deferred /var/spool/postfix/flush /var/spool/postfix/hold /var/spool/postfix/incoming /var/spool/postfix/maildrop /var/spool/postfix/pid /var/spool/postfix/private /var/spool/postfix/public /var/spool/postfix/saved /var/spool/postfix/trace
Konfigurationsdateien
Zuvor widmen wir aber den beiden Hauptkonfigurationsdateien main.cf und master.cf unsere Aufmerksamkeit.
Der Großteil der Konfiguration von Postfix erfolgt über /etc/postfix/main.cf. Desweiteren spielt die /etc/postfix/master.cf und weitere Dateien eine entscheidende Rolle.
All diese Dateien befinden sich im Konfigurationsverzeichnis /etc/postfix
/etc/postfix/ ├── access ├── canonical ├── generic ├── header_checks ├── main.cf ├── master.cf ├── relocated ├── transport └── virtual
master.cf
Als erstes sehen wir uns die Hauptkonfigurationsdatei /etc/postfix/master.cf etwas genauer an.
Die Steuerung der in der Übersichtskizze von Postfix dargestellten Daemone und Module erfolgt mit Hilfe des master-Daemon und seiner Konfigurationsdatei master.cf, welches den Postfix-Main-Prozess definiert. Dieser Master-Prozess steuert und überwacht zum einen die einzelnen Postfix-Module, definiert wie viele Instanzen den einzelnen Modulen zugewiesen werden sollen. Zum anderen werden durch den Master-Prozess in regelmäßigen Abständen die Module zum Verwalten und Steuern der Queues gestartet.
Zur besseren Erklärung wurden die einzelnen Dienste und Befehle in der nachfolgenden Konfigurationsdatei mit Links zu den zugehörigen erklärenden Abschnitte der Wikiseite Postfix, der sichere Mailserver (MTA) unter CentOS 7.x versehen!
# vim /etc/postfix/master.cf
- /etc/postfix/master.cf
# # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or # on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - n - - smtpd #smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy #submission inet n - n - - smtpd # -o syslog_name=postfix/submission # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions # -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions # -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions # -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions= # -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - n - - smtpd # -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions # -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions # -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions # -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions= # -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - n - - qmqpd pickup unix n - n 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce defer unix - - n - 0 bounce trace unix - - n - 0 bounce verify unix - - n - 1 verify flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxwrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - n - - smtp relay unix - - n - - smtp # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - n - - showq error unix - - n - - error retry unix - - n - - error discard unix - - n - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil scache unix - - n - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #maildrop unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # #uucp unix - n n - - pipe # flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # ==================================================================== # # Other external delivery methods. # #ifmail unix - n n - - pipe # flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) # #bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe # flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient # #scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe # flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store # ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} # #mailman unix - n n - - pipe # flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py # ${nexthop} ${user}
main.cf
Die eigentliche Konfiguration unseres Postfix MTAs erfolgt mit Hilfe der Hauptkonfigurationsdatei main.cf. Diese Konfigurationsdatei ist durch die vielen sehr guten Dokumentationshinweise doch sehr angewachsen, aber im Grunde beschränkt sich diese auf ein paar wenige „aktive“ Zeilen.
In der Standardkonfiguration sind alle wichtigen Parameter bereits mit einem Default-wert vorbelegt.
So hat Postfix 2.10 816 Defaultparameter.
# postconf -d | grep mail_version mail_version = 2.10.1 milter_macro_v = $mail_name $mail_version
# postconf -d | wc -l 816
Postfix 2.11 bringt uns 832 Defaultparameter mit.
# postconf -d | grep mail_version mail_version = 2.11.6 milter_macro_v = $mail_name $mail_version
# postconf -d | wc -l 847
Werfen wir einfach einen Blick in diese Hauptkonfigurationmsdatei /etc/postfix/main.cf.
# less /etc/postfix/main.cf
- /etc/postfix/main.cf
# Global Postfix configuration file. This file lists only a subset # of all parameters. For the syntax, and for a complete parameter # list, see the postconf(5) manual page (command: "man 5 postconf"). # # For common configuration examples, see BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README # and STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README. To find these documents, use # the command "postconf html_directory readme_directory", or go to # http://www.postfix.org/BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README.html etc. # # For best results, change no more than 2-3 parameters at a time, # and test if Postfix still works after every change. # SOFT BOUNCE # # The soft_bounce parameter provides a limited safety net for # testing. When soft_bounce is enabled, mail will remain queued that # would otherwise bounce. This parameter disables locally-generated # bounces, and prevents the SMTP server from rejecting mail permanently # (by changing 5xx replies into 4xx replies). However, soft_bounce # is no cure for address rewriting mistakes or mail routing mistakes. # #soft_bounce = no # LOCAL PATHNAME INFORMATION # # The queue_directory specifies the location of the Postfix queue. # This is also the root directory of Postfix daemons that run chrooted. # See the files in examples/chroot-setup for setting up Postfix chroot # environments on different UNIX systems. # queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix # The command_directory parameter specifies the location of all # postXXX commands. # command_directory = /usr/sbin # The daemon_directory parameter specifies the location of all Postfix # daemon programs (i.e. programs listed in the master.cf file). This # directory must be owned by root. # daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix # The data_directory parameter specifies the location of Postfix-writable # data files (caches, random numbers). This directory must be owned # by the mail_owner account (see below). # data_directory = /var/lib/postfix # QUEUE AND PROCESS OWNERSHIP # # The mail_owner parameter specifies the owner of the Postfix queue # and of most Postfix daemon processes. Specify the name of a user # account THAT DOES NOT SHARE ITS USER OR GROUP ID WITH OTHER ACCOUNTS # AND THAT OWNS NO OTHER FILES OR PROCESSES ON THE SYSTEM. In # particular, don't specify nobody or daemon. PLEASE USE A DEDICATED # USER. # mail_owner = postfix # The default_privs parameter specifies the default rights used by # the local delivery agent for delivery to external file or command. # These rights are used in the absence of a recipient user context. # DO NOT SPECIFY A PRIVILEGED USER OR THE POSTFIX OWNER. # #default_privs = nobody # INTERNET HOST AND DOMAIN NAMES # # The myhostname parameter specifies the internet hostname of this # mail system. The default is to use the fully-qualified domain name # from gethostname(). $myhostname is used as a default value for many # other configuration parameters. # #myhostname = host.domain.tld #myhostname = virtual.domain.tld # The mydomain parameter specifies the local internet domain name. # The default is to use $myhostname minus the first component. # $mydomain is used as a default value for many other configuration # parameters. # #mydomain = domain.tld # SENDING MAIL # # The myorigin parameter specifies the domain that locally-posted # mail appears to come from. The default is to append $myhostname, # which is fine for small sites. If you run a domain with multiple # machines, you should (1) change this to $mydomain and (2) set up # a domain-wide alias database that aliases each user to # user@that.users.mailhost. # # For the sake of consistency between sender and recipient addresses, # myorigin also specifies the default domain name that is appended # to recipient addresses that have no @domain part. # #myorigin = $myhostname #myorigin = $mydomain # RECEIVING MAIL # The inet_interfaces parameter specifies the network interface # addresses that this mail system receives mail on. By default, # the software claims all active interfaces on the machine. The # parameter also controls delivery of mail to user@[ip.address]. # # See also the proxy_interfaces parameter, for network addresses that # are forwarded to us via a proxy or network address translator. # # Note: you need to stop/start Postfix when this parameter changes. # #inet_interfaces = all #inet_interfaces = $myhostname #inet_interfaces = $myhostname, localhost inet_interfaces = localhost # Enable IPv4, and IPv6 if supported inet_protocols = all # The proxy_interfaces parameter specifies the network interface # addresses that this mail system receives mail on by way of a # proxy or network address translation unit. This setting extends # the address list specified with the inet_interfaces parameter. # # You must specify your proxy/NAT addresses when your system is a # backup MX host for other domains, otherwise mail delivery loops # will happen when the primary MX host is down. # #proxy_interfaces = #proxy_interfaces = 1.2.3.4 # The mydestination parameter specifies the list of domains that this # machine considers itself the final destination for. # # These domains are routed to the delivery agent specified with the # local_transport parameter setting. By default, that is the UNIX # compatible delivery agent that lookups all recipients in /etc/passwd # and /etc/aliases or their equivalent. # # The default is $myhostname + localhost.$mydomain. On a mail domain # gateway, you should also include $mydomain. # # Do not specify the names of virtual domains - those domains are # specified elsewhere (see VIRTUAL_README). # # Do not specify the names of domains that this machine is backup MX # host for. Specify those names via the relay_domains settings for # the SMTP server, or use permit_mx_backup if you are lazy (see # STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README). # # The local machine is always the final destination for mail addressed # to user@[the.net.work.address] of an interface that the mail system # receives mail on (see the inet_interfaces parameter). # # Specify a list of host or domain names, /file/name or type:table # patterns, separated by commas and/or whitespace. A /file/name # pattern is replaced by its contents; a type:table is matched when # a name matches a lookup key (the right-hand side is ignored). # Continue long lines by starting the next line with whitespace. # # See also below, section "REJECTING MAIL FOR UNKNOWN LOCAL USERS". # mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost #mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain #mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain, # mail.$mydomain, www.$mydomain, ftp.$mydomain # REJECTING MAIL FOR UNKNOWN LOCAL USERS # # The local_recipient_maps parameter specifies optional lookup tables # with all names or addresses of users that are local with respect # to $mydestination, $inet_interfaces or $proxy_interfaces. # # If this parameter is defined, then the SMTP server will reject # mail for unknown local users. This parameter is defined by default. # # To turn off local recipient checking in the SMTP server, specify # local_recipient_maps = (i.e. empty). # # The default setting assumes that you use the default Postfix local # delivery agent for local delivery. You need to update the # local_recipient_maps setting if: # # - You define $mydestination domain recipients in files other than # /etc/passwd, /etc/aliases, or the $virtual_alias_maps files. # For example, you define $mydestination domain recipients in # the $virtual_mailbox_maps files. # # - You redefine the local delivery agent in master.cf. # # - You redefine the "local_transport" setting in main.cf. # # - You use the "luser_relay", "mailbox_transport", or "fallback_transport" # feature of the Postfix local delivery agent (see local(8)). # # Details are described in the LOCAL_RECIPIENT_README file. # # Beware: if the Postfix SMTP server runs chrooted, you probably have # to access the passwd file via the proxymap service, in order to # overcome chroot restrictions. The alternative, having a copy of # the system passwd file in the chroot jail is just not practical. # # The right-hand side of the lookup tables is conveniently ignored. # In the left-hand side, specify a bare username, an @domain.tld # wild-card, or specify a user@domain.tld address. # #local_recipient_maps = unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps #local_recipient_maps = proxy:unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps #local_recipient_maps = # The unknown_local_recipient_reject_code specifies the SMTP server # response code when a recipient domain matches $mydestination or # ${proxy,inet}_interfaces, while $local_recipient_maps is non-empty # and the recipient address or address local-part is not found. # # The default setting is 550 (reject mail) but it is safer to start # with 450 (try again later) until you are certain that your # local_recipient_maps settings are OK. # unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 # TRUST AND RELAY CONTROL # The mynetworks parameter specifies the list of "trusted" SMTP # clients that have more privileges than "strangers". # # In particular, "trusted" SMTP clients are allowed to relay mail # through Postfix. See the smtpd_recipient_restrictions parameter # in postconf(5). # # You can specify the list of "trusted" network addresses by hand # or you can let Postfix do it for you (which is the default). # # By default (mynetworks_style = subnet), Postfix "trusts" SMTP # clients in the same IP subnetworks as the local machine. # On Linux, this does works correctly only with interfaces specified # with the "ifconfig" command. # # Specify "mynetworks_style = class" when Postfix should "trust" SMTP # clients in the same IP class A/B/C networks as the local machine. # Don't do this with a dialup site - it would cause Postfix to "trust" # your entire provider's network. Instead, specify an explicit # mynetworks list by hand, as described below. # # Specify "mynetworks_style = host" when Postfix should "trust" # only the local machine. # #mynetworks_style = class #mynetworks_style = subnet #mynetworks_style = host # Alternatively, you can specify the mynetworks list by hand, in # which case Postfix ignores the mynetworks_style setting. # # Specify an explicit list of network/netmask patterns, where the # mask specifies the number of bits in the network part of a host # address. # # You can also specify the absolute pathname of a pattern file instead # of listing the patterns here. Specify type:table for table-based lookups # (the value on the table right-hand side is not used). # #mynetworks = 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8 #mynetworks = $config_directory/mynetworks #mynetworks = hash:/etc/postfix/network_table # The relay_domains parameter restricts what destinations this system will # relay mail to. See the smtpd_recipient_restrictions description in # postconf(5) for detailed information. # # By default, Postfix relays mail # - from "trusted" clients (IP address matches $mynetworks) to any destination, # - from "untrusted" clients to destinations that match $relay_domains or # subdomains thereof, except addresses with sender-specified routing. # The default relay_domains value is $mydestination. # # In addition to the above, the Postfix SMTP server by default accepts mail # that Postfix is final destination for: # - destinations that match $inet_interfaces or $proxy_interfaces, # - destinations that match $mydestination # - destinations that match $virtual_alias_domains, # - destinations that match $virtual_mailbox_domains. # These destinations do not need to be listed in $relay_domains. # # Specify a list of hosts or domains, /file/name patterns or type:name # lookup tables, separated by commas and/or whitespace. Continue # long lines by starting the next line with whitespace. A file name # is replaced by its contents; a type:name table is matched when a # (parent) domain appears as lookup key. # # NOTE: Postfix will not automatically forward mail for domains that # list this system as their primary or backup MX host. See the # permit_mx_backup restriction description in postconf(5). # #relay_domains = $mydestination # INTERNET OR INTRANET # The relayhost parameter specifies the default host to send mail to # when no entry is matched in the optional transport(5) table. When # no relayhost is given, mail is routed directly to the destination. # # On an intranet, specify the organizational domain name. If your # internal DNS uses no MX records, specify the name of the intranet # gateway host instead. # # In the case of SMTP, specify a domain, host, host:port, [host]:port, # [address] or [address]:port; the form [host] turns off MX lookups. # # If you're connected via UUCP, see also the default_transport parameter. # #relayhost = $mydomain #relayhost = [gateway.my.domain] #relayhost = [mailserver.isp.tld] #relayhost = uucphost #relayhost = [an.ip.add.ress] # REJECTING UNKNOWN RELAY USERS # # The relay_recipient_maps parameter specifies optional lookup tables # with all addresses in the domains that match $relay_domains. # # If this parameter is defined, then the SMTP server will reject # mail for unknown relay users. This feature is off by default. # # The right-hand side of the lookup tables is conveniently ignored. # In the left-hand side, specify an @domain.tld wild-card, or specify # a user@domain.tld address. # #relay_recipient_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/relay_recipients # INPUT RATE CONTROL # # The in_flow_delay configuration parameter implements mail input # flow control. This feature is turned on by default, although it # still needs further development (it's disabled on SCO UNIX due # to an SCO bug). # # A Postfix process will pause for $in_flow_delay seconds before # accepting a new message, when the message arrival rate exceeds the # message delivery rate. With the default 100 SMTP server process # limit, this limits the mail inflow to 100 messages a second more # than the number of messages delivered per second. # # Specify 0 to disable the feature. Valid delays are 0..10. # #in_flow_delay = 1s # ADDRESS REWRITING # # The ADDRESS_REWRITING_README document gives information about # address masquerading or other forms of address rewriting including # username->Firstname.Lastname mapping. # ADDRESS REDIRECTION (VIRTUAL DOMAIN) # # The VIRTUAL_README document gives information about the many forms # of domain hosting that Postfix supports. # "USER HAS MOVED" BOUNCE MESSAGES # # See the discussion in the ADDRESS_REWRITING_README document. # TRANSPORT MAP # # See the discussion in the ADDRESS_REWRITING_README document. # ALIAS DATABASE # # The alias_maps parameter specifies the list of alias databases used # by the local delivery agent. The default list is system dependent. # # On systems with NIS, the default is to search the local alias # database, then the NIS alias database. See aliases(5) for syntax # details. # # If you change the alias database, run "postalias /etc/aliases" (or # wherever your system stores the mail alias file), or simply run # "newaliases" to build the necessary DBM or DB file. # # It will take a minute or so before changes become visible. Use # "postfix reload" to eliminate the delay. # #alias_maps = dbm:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases #alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases #alias_maps = netinfo:/aliases # The alias_database parameter specifies the alias database(s) that # are built with "newaliases" or "sendmail -bi". This is a separate # configuration parameter, because alias_maps (see above) may specify # tables that are not necessarily all under control by Postfix. # #alias_database = dbm:/etc/aliases #alias_database = dbm:/etc/mail/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases #alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/opt/majordomo/aliases # ADDRESS EXTENSIONS (e.g., user+foo) # # The recipient_delimiter parameter specifies the separator between # user names and address extensions (user+foo). See canonical(5), # local(8), relocated(5) and virtual(5) for the effects this has on # aliases, canonical, virtual, relocated and .forward file lookups. # Basically, the software tries user+foo and .forward+foo before # trying user and .forward. # #recipient_delimiter = + # DELIVERY TO MAILBOX # # The home_mailbox parameter specifies the optional pathname of a # mailbox file relative to a user's home directory. The default # mailbox file is /var/spool/mail/user or /var/mail/user. Specify # "Maildir/" for qmail-style delivery (the / is required). # #home_mailbox = Mailbox #home_mailbox = Maildir/ # The mail_spool_directory parameter specifies the directory where # UNIX-style mailboxes are kept. The default setting depends on the # system type. # #mail_spool_directory = /var/mail #mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail # The mailbox_command parameter specifies the optional external # command to use instead of mailbox delivery. The command is run as # the recipient with proper HOME, SHELL and LOGNAME environment settings. # Exception: delivery for root is done as $default_user. # # Other environment variables of interest: USER (recipient username), # EXTENSION (address extension), DOMAIN (domain part of address), # and LOCAL (the address localpart). # # Unlike other Postfix configuration parameters, the mailbox_command # parameter is not subjected to $parameter substitutions. This is to # make it easier to specify shell syntax (see example below). # # Avoid shell meta characters because they will force Postfix to run # an expensive shell process. Procmail alone is expensive enough. # # IF YOU USE THIS TO DELIVER MAIL SYSTEM-WIDE, YOU MUST SET UP AN # ALIAS THAT FORWARDS MAIL FOR ROOT TO A REAL USER. # #mailbox_command = /some/where/procmail #mailbox_command = /some/where/procmail -a "$EXTENSION" # The mailbox_transport specifies the optional transport in master.cf # to use after processing aliases and .forward files. This parameter # has precedence over the mailbox_command, fallback_transport and # luser_relay parameters. # # Specify a string of the form transport:nexthop, where transport is # the name of a mail delivery transport defined in master.cf. The # :nexthop part is optional. For more details see the sample transport # configuration file. # # NOTE: if you use this feature for accounts not in the UNIX password # file, then you must update the "local_recipient_maps" setting in # the main.cf file, otherwise the SMTP server will reject mail for # non-UNIX accounts with "User unknown in local recipient table". # # Cyrus IMAP over LMTP. Specify ``lmtpunix cmd="lmtpd" # listen="/var/imap/socket/lmtp" prefork=0'' in cyrus.conf. #mailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:/var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp # If using the cyrus-imapd IMAP server deliver local mail to the IMAP # server using LMTP (Local Mail Transport Protocol), this is prefered # over the older cyrus deliver program by setting the # mailbox_transport as below: # # mailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:/var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp # # The efficiency of LMTP delivery for cyrus-imapd can be enhanced via # these settings. # # local_destination_recipient_limit = 300 # local_destination_concurrency_limit = 5 # # Of course you should adjust these settings as appropriate for the # capacity of the hardware you are using. The recipient limit setting # can be used to take advantage of the single instance message store # capability of Cyrus. The concurrency limit can be used to control # how many simultaneous LMTP sessions will be permitted to the Cyrus # message store. # # Cyrus IMAP via command line. Uncomment the "cyrus...pipe" and # subsequent line in master.cf. #mailbox_transport = cyrus # The fallback_transport specifies the optional transport in master.cf # to use for recipients that are not found in the UNIX passwd database. # This parameter has precedence over the luser_relay parameter. # # Specify a string of the form transport:nexthop, where transport is # the name of a mail delivery transport defined in master.cf. The # :nexthop part is optional. For more details see the sample transport # configuration file. # # NOTE: if you use this feature for accounts not in the UNIX password # file, then you must update the "local_recipient_maps" setting in # the main.cf file, otherwise the SMTP server will reject mail for # non-UNIX accounts with "User unknown in local recipient table". # #fallback_transport = lmtp:unix:/var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp #fallback_transport = # The luser_relay parameter specifies an optional destination address # for unknown recipients. By default, mail for unknown@$mydestination, # unknown@[$inet_interfaces] or unknown@[$proxy_interfaces] is returned # as undeliverable. # # The following expansions are done on luser_relay: $user (recipient # username), $shell (recipient shell), $home (recipient home directory), # $recipient (full recipient address), $extension (recipient address # extension), $domain (recipient domain), $local (entire recipient # localpart), $recipient_delimiter. Specify ${name?value} or # ${name:value} to expand value only when $name does (does not) exist. # # luser_relay works only for the default Postfix local delivery agent. # # NOTE: if you use this feature for accounts not in the UNIX password # file, then you must specify "local_recipient_maps =" (i.e. empty) in # the main.cf file, otherwise the SMTP server will reject mail for # non-UNIX accounts with "User unknown in local recipient table". # #luser_relay = $user@other.host #luser_relay = $local@other.host #luser_relay = admin+$local # JUNK MAIL CONTROLS # # The controls listed here are only a very small subset. The file # SMTPD_ACCESS_README provides an overview. # The header_checks parameter specifies an optional table with patterns # that each logical message header is matched against, including # headers that span multiple physical lines. # # By default, these patterns also apply to MIME headers and to the # headers of attached messages. With older Postfix versions, MIME and # attached message headers were treated as body text. # # For details, see "man header_checks". # #header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks # FAST ETRN SERVICE # # Postfix maintains per-destination logfiles with information about # deferred mail, so that mail can be flushed quickly with the SMTP # "ETRN domain.tld" command, or by executing "sendmail -qRdomain.tld". # See the ETRN_README document for a detailed description. # # The fast_flush_domains parameter controls what destinations are # eligible for this service. By default, they are all domains that # this server is willing to relay mail to. # #fast_flush_domains = $relay_domains # SHOW SOFTWARE VERSION OR NOT # # The smtpd_banner parameter specifies the text that follows the 220 # code in the SMTP server's greeting banner. Some people like to see # the mail version advertised. By default, Postfix shows no version. # # You MUST specify $myhostname at the start of the text. That is an # RFC requirement. Postfix itself does not care. # #smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name #smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name ($mail_version) # PARALLEL DELIVERY TO THE SAME DESTINATION # # How many parallel deliveries to the same user or domain? With local # delivery, it does not make sense to do massively parallel delivery # to the same user, because mailbox updates must happen sequentially, # and expensive pipelines in .forward files can cause disasters when # too many are run at the same time. With SMTP deliveries, 10 # simultaneous connections to the same domain could be sufficient to # raise eyebrows. # # Each message delivery transport has its XXX_destination_concurrency_limit # parameter. The default is $default_destination_concurrency_limit for # most delivery transports. For the local delivery agent the default is 2. #local_destination_concurrency_limit = 2 #default_destination_concurrency_limit = 20 # DEBUGGING CONTROL # # The debug_peer_level parameter specifies the increment in verbose # logging level when an SMTP client or server host name or address # matches a pattern in the debug_peer_list parameter. # debug_peer_level = 2 # The debug_peer_list parameter specifies an optional list of domain # or network patterns, /file/name patterns or type:name tables. When # an SMTP client or server host name or address matches a pattern, # increase the verbose logging level by the amount specified in the # debug_peer_level parameter. # #debug_peer_list = 127.0.0.1 #debug_peer_list = some.domain # The debugger_command specifies the external command that is executed # when a Postfix daemon program is run with the -D option. # # Use "command .. & sleep 5" so that the debugger can attach before # the process marches on. If you use an X-based debugger, be sure to # set up your XAUTHORITY environment variable before starting Postfix. # debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 # If you can't use X, use this to capture the call stack when a # daemon crashes. The result is in a file in the configuration # directory, and is named after the process name and the process ID. # # debugger_command = # PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin; export PATH; (echo cont; # echo where) | gdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id 2>&1 # >$config_directory/$process_name.$process_id.log & sleep 5 # # Another possibility is to run gdb under a detached screen session. # To attach to the screen sesssion, su root and run "screen -r # <id_string>" where <id_string> uniquely matches one of the detached # sessions (from "screen -list"). # # debugger_command = # PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin; export PATH; screen # -dmS $process_name gdb $daemon_directory/$process_name # $process_id & sleep 1 # INSTALL-TIME CONFIGURATION INFORMATION # # The following parameters are used when installing a new Postfix version. # # sendmail_path: The full pathname of the Postfix sendmail command. # This is the Sendmail-compatible mail posting interface. # sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix # newaliases_path: The full pathname of the Postfix newaliases command. # This is the Sendmail-compatible command to build alias databases. # newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix # mailq_path: The full pathname of the Postfix mailq command. This # is the Sendmail-compatible mail queue listing command. # mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix # setgid_group: The group for mail submission and queue management # commands. This must be a group name with a numerical group ID that # is not shared with other accounts, not even with the Postfix account. # setgid_group = postdrop # html_directory: The location of the Postfix HTML documentation. # html_directory = no # manpage_directory: The location of the Postfix on-line manual pages. # manpage_directory = /usr/share/man # sample_directory: The location of the Postfix sample configuration files. # This parameter is obsolete as of Postfix 2.1. # sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.1/samples # readme_directory: The location of the Postfix README files. # readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.1/README_FILES
Mit Hilfe des Programms postconf können wir während des laufenden Betriebes einzelnen Parameter, abfragen und auch ändern. Wollen wir uns alle Definitionen ansehen, die von den Standardvorgaben abweichen, verwenden wir den folgenden Aufruf:
# postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = localhost inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.1/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.11.1/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
Wollen wir uns alle Standard-Definitionen ansehen verwenden wir den folgenden Aufruf:
# postconf -d
2bounce_notice_recipient = postmaster access_map_defer_code = 450 access_map_reject_code = 554 address_verify_cache_cleanup_interval = 12h address_verify_default_transport = $default_transport address_verify_local_transport = $local_transport address_verify_map = btree:$data_directory/verify_cache address_verify_negative_cache = yes address_verify_negative_expire_time = 3d address_verify_negative_refresh_time = 3h address_verify_poll_count = ${stress?1}${stress:3} address_verify_poll_delay = 3s address_verify_positive_expire_time = 31d address_verify_positive_refresh_time = 7d address_verify_relay_transport = $relay_transport address_verify_relayhost = $relayhost address_verify_sender = $double_bounce_sender address_verify_sender_dependent_default_transport_maps = $sender_dependent_default_transport_maps address_verify_sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = $sender_dependent_relayhost_maps address_verify_sender_ttl = 0s address_verify_service_name = verify address_verify_transport_maps = $transport_maps address_verify_virtual_transport = $virtual_transport alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases allow_mail_to_commands = alias, forward allow_mail_to_files = alias, forward allow_min_user = no allow_percent_hack = yes allow_untrusted_routing = no alternate_config_directories = always_add_missing_headers = no always_bcc = anvil_rate_time_unit = 60s anvil_status_update_time = 600s append_at_myorigin = yes append_dot_mydomain = yes application_event_drain_time = 100s authorized_flush_users = static:anyone authorized_mailq_users = static:anyone authorized_submit_users = static:anyone backwards_bounce_logfile_compatibility = yes berkeley_db_create_buffer_size = 16777216 berkeley_db_read_buffer_size = 131072 best_mx_transport = biff = yes body_checks = body_checks_size_limit = 51200 bounce_notice_recipient = postmaster bounce_queue_lifetime = 5d bounce_service_name = bounce bounce_size_limit = 50000 bounce_template_file = broken_sasl_auth_clients = no canonical_classes = envelope_sender, envelope_recipient, header_sender, header_recipient canonical_maps = cleanup_service_name = cleanup command_directory = /usr/sbin command_execution_directory = command_expansion_filter = 1234567890!@%-_=+:,./abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ command_time_limit = 1000s config_directory = /etc/postfix connection_cache_protocol_timeout = 5s connection_cache_service_name = scache connection_cache_status_update_time = 600s connection_cache_ttl_limit = 2s content_filter = cyrus_sasl_config_path = daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix daemon_table_open_error_is_fatal = no daemon_timeout = 18000s data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 debug_peer_list = debugger_command = default_database_type = hash default_delivery_slot_cost = 5 default_delivery_slot_discount = 50 default_delivery_slot_loan = 3 default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = 1 default_destination_concurrency_limit = 20 default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = 1 default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = 1 default_destination_rate_delay = 0s default_destination_recipient_limit = 50 default_extra_recipient_limit = 1000 default_filter_nexthop = default_minimum_delivery_slots = 3 default_privs = nobody default_process_limit = 100 default_rbl_reply = $rbl_code Service unavailable; $rbl_class [$rbl_what] blocked using $rbl_domain${rbl_reason?; $rbl_reason} default_recipient_limit = 20000 default_recipient_refill_delay = 5s default_recipient_refill_limit = 100 default_transport = smtp default_verp_delimiters = += defer_code = 450 defer_service_name = defer defer_transports = delay_logging_resolution_limit = 2 delay_notice_recipient = postmaster delay_warning_time = 0h deliver_lock_attempts = 20 deliver_lock_delay = 1s destination_concurrency_feedback_debug = no detect_8bit_encoding_header = yes disable_dns_lookups = no disable_mime_input_processing = no disable_mime_output_conversion = no disable_verp_bounces = no disable_vrfy_command = no dnsblog_reply_delay = 0s dnsblog_service_name = dnsblog dont_remove = 0 double_bounce_sender = double-bounce duplicate_filter_limit = 1000 empty_address_default_transport_maps_lookup_key = <> empty_address_recipient = MAILER-DAEMON empty_address_relayhost_maps_lookup_key = <> enable_long_queue_ids = no enable_original_recipient = yes error_delivery_slot_cost = $default_delivery_slot_cost error_delivery_slot_discount = $default_delivery_slot_discount error_delivery_slot_loan = $default_delivery_slot_loan error_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit error_destination_concurrency_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_limit error_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback error_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback error_destination_rate_delay = $default_destination_rate_delay error_destination_recipient_limit = $default_destination_recipient_limit error_extra_recipient_limit = $default_extra_recipient_limit error_initial_destination_concurrency = $initial_destination_concurrency error_minimum_delivery_slots = $default_minimum_delivery_slots error_notice_recipient = postmaster error_recipient_limit = $default_recipient_limit error_recipient_refill_delay = $default_recipient_refill_delay error_recipient_refill_limit = $default_recipient_refill_limit error_service_name = error execution_directory_expansion_filter = 1234567890!@%-_=+:,./abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ expand_owner_alias = no export_environment = TZ MAIL_CONFIG LANG fallback_transport = fallback_transport_maps = fast_flush_domains = $relay_domains fast_flush_purge_time = 7d fast_flush_refresh_time = 12h fault_injection_code = 0 flush_service_name = flush fork_attempts = 5 fork_delay = 1s forward_expansion_filter = 1234567890!@%-_=+:,./abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ forward_path = $home/.forward${recipient_delimiter}${extension}, $home/.forward frozen_delivered_to = yes hash_queue_depth = 1 hash_queue_names = deferred, defer header_address_token_limit = 10240 header_checks = header_size_limit = 102400 helpful_warnings = yes home_mailbox = hopcount_limit = 50 html_directory = no ignore_mx_lookup_error = no import_environment = MAIL_CONFIG MAIL_DEBUG MAIL_LOGTAG TZ XAUTHORITY DISPLAY LANG=C in_flow_delay = 1s inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all initial_destination_concurrency = 5 internal_mail_filter_classes = invalid_hostname_reject_code = 501 ipc_idle = 5s ipc_timeout = 3600s ipc_ttl = 1000s line_length_limit = 2048 lmdb_map_size = 16777216 lmtp_address_preference = any lmtp_assume_final = no lmtp_bind_address = lmtp_bind_address6 = lmtp_body_checks = lmtp_cname_overrides_servername = no lmtp_connect_timeout = 0s lmtp_connection_cache_destinations = lmtp_connection_cache_on_demand = yes lmtp_connection_cache_time_limit = 2s lmtp_connection_reuse_count_limit = 0 lmtp_connection_reuse_time_limit = 300s lmtp_data_done_timeout = 600s lmtp_data_init_timeout = 120s lmtp_data_xfer_timeout = 180s lmtp_defer_if_no_mx_address_found = no lmtp_delivery_slot_cost = $default_delivery_slot_cost lmtp_delivery_slot_discount = $default_delivery_slot_discount lmtp_delivery_slot_loan = $default_delivery_slot_loan lmtp_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit lmtp_destination_concurrency_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_limit lmtp_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback lmtp_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback lmtp_destination_rate_delay = $default_destination_rate_delay lmtp_destination_recipient_limit = $default_destination_recipient_limit lmtp_discard_lhlo_keyword_address_maps = lmtp_discard_lhlo_keywords = lmtp_dns_resolver_options = lmtp_dns_support_level = lmtp_enforce_tls = no lmtp_extra_recipient_limit = $default_extra_recipient_limit lmtp_generic_maps = lmtp_header_checks = lmtp_host_lookup = dns lmtp_initial_destination_concurrency = $initial_destination_concurrency lmtp_lhlo_name = $myhostname lmtp_lhlo_timeout = 300s lmtp_line_length_limit = 998 lmtp_mail_timeout = 300s lmtp_mime_header_checks = lmtp_minimum_delivery_slots = $default_minimum_delivery_slots lmtp_mx_address_limit = 5 lmtp_mx_session_limit = 2 lmtp_nested_header_checks = lmtp_per_record_deadline = no lmtp_pix_workaround_delay_time = 10s lmtp_pix_workaround_maps = lmtp_pix_workaround_threshold_time = 500s lmtp_pix_workarounds = disable_esmtp,delay_dotcrlf lmtp_quit_timeout = 300s lmtp_quote_rfc821_envelope = yes lmtp_randomize_addresses = yes lmtp_rcpt_timeout = 300s lmtp_recipient_limit = $default_recipient_limit lmtp_recipient_refill_delay = $default_recipient_refill_delay lmtp_recipient_refill_limit = $default_recipient_refill_limit lmtp_reply_filter = lmtp_rset_timeout = 20s lmtp_sasl_auth_cache_name = lmtp_sasl_auth_cache_time = 90d lmtp_sasl_auth_enable = no lmtp_sasl_auth_soft_bounce = yes lmtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = lmtp_sasl_password_maps = lmtp_sasl_path = lmtp_sasl_security_options = noplaintext, noanonymous lmtp_sasl_tls_security_options = $lmtp_sasl_security_options lmtp_sasl_tls_verified_security_options = $lmtp_sasl_tls_security_options lmtp_sasl_type = cyrus lmtp_send_dummy_mail_auth = no lmtp_send_xforward_command = no lmtp_sender_dependent_authentication = no lmtp_skip_5xx_greeting = yes lmtp_skip_quit_response = no lmtp_starttls_timeout = 300s lmtp_tcp_port = 24 lmtp_tls_CAfile = lmtp_tls_CApath = lmtp_tls_block_early_mail_reply = no lmtp_tls_cert_file = lmtp_tls_ciphers = medium lmtp_tls_dcert_file = lmtp_tls_dkey_file = $lmtp_tls_dcert_file lmtp_tls_eccert_file = lmtp_tls_eckey_file = $lmtp_tls_eccert_file lmtp_tls_enforce_peername = yes lmtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = lmtp_tls_fingerprint_cert_match = lmtp_tls_fingerprint_digest = md5 lmtp_tls_force_insecure_host_tlsa_lookup = no lmtp_tls_key_file = $lmtp_tls_cert_file lmtp_tls_loglevel = 0 lmtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium lmtp_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = lmtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3 lmtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = no lmtp_tls_per_site = lmtp_tls_policy_maps = lmtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3 lmtp_tls_scert_verifydepth = 9 lmtp_tls_secure_cert_match = nexthop lmtp_tls_security_level = lmtp_tls_session_cache_database = lmtp_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s lmtp_tls_trust_anchor_file = lmtp_tls_verify_cert_match = hostname lmtp_use_tls = no lmtp_xforward_timeout = 300s lmtps_delivery_slot_cost = $default_delivery_slot_cost lmtps_delivery_slot_discount = $default_delivery_slot_discount lmtps_delivery_slot_loan = $default_delivery_slot_loan lmtps_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit lmtps_destination_concurrency_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_limit lmtps_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback lmtps_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback lmtps_destination_rate_delay = $default_destination_rate_delay lmtps_destination_recipient_limit = $default_destination_recipient_limit lmtps_extra_recipient_limit = $default_extra_recipient_limit lmtps_initial_destination_concurrency = $initial_destination_concurrency lmtps_minimum_delivery_slots = $default_minimum_delivery_slots lmtps_recipient_limit = $default_recipient_limit lmtps_recipient_refill_delay = $default_recipient_refill_delay lmtps_recipient_refill_limit = $default_recipient_refill_limit local_command_shell = local_delivery_slot_cost = $default_delivery_slot_cost local_delivery_slot_discount = $default_delivery_slot_discount local_delivery_slot_loan = $default_delivery_slot_loan local_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit local_destination_concurrency_limit = 2 local_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback local_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback local_destination_rate_delay = $default_destination_rate_delay local_destination_recipient_limit = 1 local_extra_recipient_limit = $default_extra_recipient_limit local_header_rewrite_clients = permit_inet_interfaces local_initial_destination_concurrency = $initial_destination_concurrency local_minimum_delivery_slots = $default_minimum_delivery_slots local_recipient_limit = $default_recipient_limit local_recipient_maps = proxy:unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps local_recipient_refill_delay = $default_recipient_refill_delay local_recipient_refill_limit = $default_recipient_refill_limit local_transport = local:$myhostname luser_relay = mail_name = Postfix mail_owner = postfix mail_release_date = 20150720 mail_spool_directory = /var/mail mail_version = 2.11.6 mailbox_command = mailbox_command_maps = mailbox_delivery_lock = fcntl, dotlock mailbox_size_limit = 51200000 mailbox_transport = mailbox_transport_maps = mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq manpage_directory = /usr/local/man maps_rbl_domains = maps_rbl_reject_code = 554 masquerade_classes = envelope_sender, header_sender, header_recipient masquerade_domains = masquerade_exceptions = master_service_disable = max_idle = 100s max_use = 100 maximal_backoff_time = 4000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 5d message_reject_characters = message_size_limit = 10240000 message_strip_characters = milter_command_timeout = 30s milter_connect_macros = j {daemon_name} v milter_connect_timeout = 30s milter_content_timeout = 300s milter_data_macros = i milter_default_action = tempfail milter_end_of_data_macros = i milter_end_of_header_macros = i milter_header_checks = milter_helo_macros = {tls_version} {cipher} {cipher_bits} {cert_subject} {cert_issuer} milter_macro_daemon_name = $myhostname milter_macro_v = $mail_name $mail_version milter_mail_macros = i {auth_type} {auth_authen} {auth_author} {mail_addr} {mail_host} {mail_mailer} milter_protocol = 6 milter_rcpt_macros = i {rcpt_addr} {rcpt_host} {rcpt_mailer} milter_unknown_command_macros = mime_boundary_length_limit = 2048 mime_header_checks = $header_checks mime_nesting_limit = 100 minimal_backoff_time = 300s multi_instance_directories = multi_instance_enable = no multi_instance_group = multi_instance_name = multi_instance_wrapper = multi_recipient_bounce_reject_code = 550 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost mydomain = dmz.nausch.org myhostname = vml000087.dmz.nausch.org mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/24 [::1]/128 [fe80::]/64 mynetworks_style = subnet myorigin = $myhostname nested_header_checks = $header_checks newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases non_fqdn_reject_code = 504 non_smtpd_milters = notify_classes = resource, software owner_request_special = yes parent_domain_matches_subdomains = debug_peer_list,fast_flush_domains,mynetworks,permit_mx_backup_networks,qmqpd_authorized_clients,relay_domains,smtpd_access_maps permit_mx_backup_networks = pickup_service_name = pickup plaintext_reject_code = 450 postmulti_control_commands = reload flush postmulti_start_commands = start postmulti_stop_commands = stop abort drain quick-stop postscreen_access_list = permit_mynetworks postscreen_bare_newline_action = ignore postscreen_bare_newline_enable = no postscreen_bare_newline_ttl = 30d postscreen_blacklist_action = ignore postscreen_cache_cleanup_interval = 12h postscreen_cache_map = btree:$data_directory/postscreen_cache postscreen_cache_retention_time = 7d postscreen_client_connection_count_limit = $smtpd_client_connection_count_limit postscreen_command_count_limit = 20 postscreen_command_filter = postscreen_command_time_limit = ${stress?10}${stress:300}s postscreen_disable_vrfy_command = $disable_vrfy_command postscreen_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps = $smtpd_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps postscreen_discard_ehlo_keywords = $smtpd_discard_ehlo_keywords postscreen_dnsbl_action = ignore postscreen_dnsbl_reply_map = postscreen_dnsbl_sites = postscreen_dnsbl_threshold = 1 postscreen_dnsbl_ttl = 1h postscreen_dnsbl_whitelist_threshold = 0 postscreen_enforce_tls = $smtpd_enforce_tls postscreen_expansion_filter = $smtpd_expansion_filter postscreen_forbidden_commands = $smtpd_forbidden_commands postscreen_greet_action = ignore postscreen_greet_banner = $smtpd_banner postscreen_greet_ttl = 1d postscreen_greet_wait = ${stress?2}${stress:6}s postscreen_helo_required = $smtpd_helo_required postscreen_non_smtp_command_action = drop postscreen_non_smtp_command_enable = no postscreen_non_smtp_command_ttl = 30d postscreen_pipelining_action = enforce postscreen_pipelining_enable = no postscreen_pipelining_ttl = 30d postscreen_post_queue_limit = $default_process_limit postscreen_pre_queue_limit = $default_process_limit postscreen_reject_footer = $smtpd_reject_footer postscreen_tls_security_level = $smtpd_tls_security_level postscreen_upstream_proxy_protocol = postscreen_upstream_proxy_timeout = 5s postscreen_use_tls = $smtpd_use_tls postscreen_watchdog_timeout = 10s postscreen_whitelist_interfaces = static:all prepend_delivered_header = command, file, forward process_id = 10682 process_id_directory = pid process_name = postconf propagate_unmatched_extensions = canonical, virtual proxy_interfaces = proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $smtpd_sender_login_maps $sender_bcc_maps $recipient_bcc_maps $smtp_generic_maps $lmtp_generic_maps $alias_maps proxy_write_maps = $smtp_sasl_auth_cache_name $lmtp_sasl_auth_cache_name $address_verify_map $postscreen_cache_map proxymap_service_name = proxymap proxywrite_service_name = proxywrite qmgr_clog_warn_time = 300s qmgr_daemon_timeout = 1000s qmgr_fudge_factor = 100 qmgr_ipc_timeout = 60s qmgr_message_active_limit = 20000 qmgr_message_recipient_limit = 20000 qmgr_message_recipient_minimum = 10 qmqpd_authorized_clients = qmqpd_client_port_logging = no qmqpd_error_delay = 1s qmqpd_timeout = 300s queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix queue_file_attribute_count_limit = 100 queue_minfree = 0 queue_run_delay = 300s queue_service_name = qmgr rbl_reply_maps = readme_directory = no receive_override_options = recipient_bcc_maps = recipient_canonical_classes = envelope_recipient, header_recipient recipient_canonical_maps = recipient_delimiter = reject_code = 554 reject_tempfail_action = defer_if_permit relay_clientcerts = relay_delivery_slot_cost = $default_delivery_slot_cost relay_delivery_slot_discount = $default_delivery_slot_discount relay_delivery_slot_loan = $default_delivery_slot_loan relay_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit relay_destination_concurrency_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_limit relay_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback relay_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback relay_destination_rate_delay = $default_destination_rate_delay relay_destination_recipient_limit = $default_destination_recipient_limit relay_domains = $mydestination relay_domains_reject_code = 554 relay_extra_recipient_limit = $default_extra_recipient_limit relay_initial_destination_concurrency = $initial_destination_concurrency relay_minimum_delivery_slots = $default_minimum_delivery_slots relay_recipient_limit = $default_recipient_limit relay_recipient_maps = relay_recipient_refill_delay = $default_recipient_refill_delay relay_recipient_refill_limit = $default_recipient_refill_limit relay_transport = relay relayhost = relocated_maps = remote_header_rewrite_domain = require_home_directory = no reset_owner_alias = no resolve_dequoted_address = yes resolve_null_domain = no resolve_numeric_domain = no retry_delivery_slot_cost = $default_delivery_slot_cost retry_delivery_slot_discount = $default_delivery_slot_discount retry_delivery_slot_loan = $default_delivery_slot_loan retry_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit retry_destination_concurrency_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_limit retry_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback retry_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback retry_destination_rate_delay = $default_destination_rate_delay retry_destination_recipient_limit = $default_destination_recipient_limit retry_extra_recipient_limit = $default_extra_recipient_limit retry_initial_destination_concurrency = $initial_destination_concurrency retry_minimum_delivery_slots = $default_minimum_delivery_slots retry_recipient_limit = $default_recipient_limit retry_recipient_refill_delay = $default_recipient_refill_delay retry_recipient_refill_limit = $default_recipient_refill_limit rewrite_service_name = rewrite sample_directory = /etc/postfix send_cyrus_sasl_authzid = no sender_bcc_maps = sender_canonical_classes = envelope_sender, header_sender sender_canonical_maps = sender_dependent_default_transport_maps = sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = sendmail_fix_line_endings = always sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail service_throttle_time = 60s setgid_group = postdrop show_user_unknown_table_name = yes showq_service_name = showq smtp_address_preference = any smtp_always_send_ehlo = yes smtp_bind_address = smtp_bind_address6 = smtp_body_checks = smtp_cname_overrides_servername = no smtp_connect_timeout = 30s smtp_connection_cache_destinations = smtp_connection_cache_on_demand = yes smtp_connection_cache_time_limit = 2s smtp_connection_reuse_count_limit = 0 smtp_connection_reuse_time_limit = 300s smtp_data_done_timeout = 600s smtp_data_init_timeout = 120s smtp_data_xfer_timeout = 180s smtp_defer_if_no_mx_address_found = no smtp_delivery_slot_cost = $default_delivery_slot_cost smtp_delivery_slot_discount = $default_delivery_slot_discount smtp_delivery_slot_loan = $default_delivery_slot_loan smtp_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit smtp_destination_concurrency_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_limit smtp_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback smtp_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback smtp_destination_rate_delay = $default_destination_rate_delay smtp_destination_recipient_limit = $default_destination_recipient_limit smtp_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps = smtp_discard_ehlo_keywords = smtp_dns_resolver_options = smtp_dns_support_level = smtp_enforce_tls = no smtp_extra_recipient_limit = $default_extra_recipient_limit smtp_fallback_relay = $fallback_relay smtp_generic_maps = smtp_header_checks = smtp_helo_name = $myhostname smtp_helo_timeout = 300s smtp_host_lookup = dns smtp_initial_destination_concurrency = $initial_destination_concurrency smtp_line_length_limit = 998 smtp_mail_timeout = 300s smtp_mime_header_checks = smtp_minimum_delivery_slots = $default_minimum_delivery_slots smtp_mx_address_limit = 5 smtp_mx_session_limit = 2 smtp_nested_header_checks = smtp_never_send_ehlo = no smtp_per_record_deadline = no smtp_pix_workaround_delay_time = 10s smtp_pix_workaround_maps = smtp_pix_workaround_threshold_time = 500s smtp_pix_workarounds = disable_esmtp,delay_dotcrlf smtp_quit_timeout = 300s smtp_quote_rfc821_envelope = yes smtp_randomize_addresses = yes smtp_rcpt_timeout = 300s smtp_recipient_limit = $default_recipient_limit smtp_recipient_refill_delay = $default_recipient_refill_delay smtp_recipient_refill_limit = $default_recipient_refill_limit smtp_reply_filter = smtp_rset_timeout = 20s smtp_sasl_auth_cache_name = smtp_sasl_auth_cache_time = 90d smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no smtp_sasl_auth_soft_bounce = yes smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = smtp_sasl_password_maps = smtp_sasl_path = smtp_sasl_security_options = noplaintext, noanonymous smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = $smtp_sasl_security_options smtp_sasl_tls_verified_security_options = $smtp_sasl_tls_security_options smtp_sasl_type = cyrus smtp_send_dummy_mail_auth = no smtp_send_xforward_command = no smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = no smtp_skip_5xx_greeting = yes smtp_skip_quit_response = yes smtp_starttls_timeout = 300s smtp_tls_CAfile = smtp_tls_CApath = smtp_tls_block_early_mail_reply = no smtp_tls_cert_file = smtp_tls_ciphers = medium smtp_tls_dcert_file = smtp_tls_dkey_file = $smtp_tls_dcert_file smtp_tls_eccert_file = smtp_tls_eckey_file = $smtp_tls_eccert_file smtp_tls_enforce_peername = yes smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = smtp_tls_fingerprint_cert_match = smtp_tls_fingerprint_digest = md5 smtp_tls_force_insecure_host_tlsa_lookup = no smtp_tls_key_file = $smtp_tls_cert_file smtp_tls_loglevel = 0 smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtp_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3 smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = no smtp_tls_per_site = smtp_tls_policy_maps = smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3 smtp_tls_scert_verifydepth = 9 smtp_tls_secure_cert_match = nexthop, dot-nexthop smtp_tls_security_level = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = smtp_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtp_tls_trust_anchor_file = smtp_tls_verify_cert_match = hostname smtp_use_tls = no smtp_xforward_timeout = 300s smtpd_authorized_verp_clients = $authorized_verp_clients smtpd_authorized_xclient_hosts = smtpd_authorized_xforward_hosts = smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 50 smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_event_limit_exceptions = ${smtpd_client_connection_limit_exceptions:$mynetworks} smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_new_tls_session_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_port_logging = no smtpd_client_recipient_rate_limit = 0 smtpd_client_restrictions = smtpd_command_filter = smtpd_data_restrictions = smtpd_delay_open_until_valid_rcpt = yes smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps = smtpd_discard_ehlo_keywords = smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions = smtpd_enforce_tls = no smtpd_error_sleep_time = 1s smtpd_etrn_restrictions = smtpd_expansion_filter = \t\40!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ smtpd_forbidden_commands = CONNECT GET POST smtpd_hard_error_limit = ${stress?1}${stress:20} smtpd_helo_required = no smtpd_helo_restrictions = smtpd_history_flush_threshold = 100 smtpd_junk_command_limit = ${stress?1}${stress:100} smtpd_log_access_permit_actions = smtpd_milters = smtpd_noop_commands = smtpd_null_access_lookup_key = <> smtpd_peername_lookup = yes smtpd_per_record_deadline = ${stress?yes}${stress:no} smtpd_policy_service_max_idle = 300s smtpd_policy_service_max_ttl = 1000s smtpd_policy_service_timeout = 100s smtpd_proxy_ehlo = $myhostname smtpd_proxy_filter = smtpd_proxy_options = smtpd_proxy_timeout = 100s smtpd_recipient_limit = 1000 smtpd_recipient_overshoot_limit = 1000 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = smtpd_reject_footer = smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient = yes smtpd_reject_unlisted_sender = no smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, defer_unauth_destination smtpd_restriction_classes = smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = no smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = no smtpd_sasl_exceptions_networks = smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_service = smtp smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = $smtpd_sasl_security_options smtpd_sasl_type = cyrus smtpd_sender_login_maps = smtpd_sender_restrictions = smtpd_service_name = smtpd smtpd_soft_error_limit = 10 smtpd_starttls_timeout = ${stress?10}${stress:300}s smtpd_timeout = ${stress?10}${stress:300}s smtpd_tls_CAfile = smtpd_tls_CApath = smtpd_tls_always_issue_session_ids = yes smtpd_tls_ask_ccert = no smtpd_tls_auth_only = no smtpd_tls_ccert_verifydepth = 9 smtpd_tls_cert_file = smtpd_tls_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_dcert_file = smtpd_tls_dh1024_param_file = smtpd_tls_dh512_param_file = smtpd_tls_dkey_file = $smtpd_tls_dcert_file smtpd_tls_eccert_file = smtpd_tls_eckey_file = $smtpd_tls_eccert_file smtpd_tls_eecdh_grade = strong smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = smtpd_tls_fingerprint_digest = md5 smtpd_tls_key_file = $smtpd_tls_cert_file smtpd_tls_loglevel = 0 smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3 smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3 smtpd_tls_received_header = no smtpd_tls_req_ccert = no smtpd_tls_security_level = smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_tls_wrappermode = no smtpd_upstream_proxy_protocol = smtpd_upstream_proxy_timeout = 5s smtpd_use_tls = no soft_bounce = no stale_lock_time = 500s stress = strict_7bit_headers = no strict_8bitmime = no strict_8bitmime_body = no strict_mailbox_ownership = yes strict_mime_encoding_domain = no strict_rfc821_envelopes = no sun_mailtool_compatibility = no swap_bangpath = yes syslog_facility = mail syslog_name = ${multi_instance_name:postfix}${multi_instance_name?$multi_instance_name} tcp_windowsize = 0 tls_append_default_CA = no tls_daemon_random_bytes = 32 tls_dane_digest_agility = on tls_dane_digests = sha512 sha256 tls_dane_trust_anchor_digest_enable = yes tls_disable_workarounds = tls_eecdh_strong_curve = prime256v1 tls_eecdh_ultra_curve = secp384r1 tls_export_cipherlist = aNULL:-aNULL:ALL:+RC4:@STRENGTH tls_high_cipherlist = aNULL:-aNULL:ALL:!EXPORT:!LOW:!MEDIUM:+RC4:@STRENGTH tls_legacy_public_key_fingerprints = no tls_low_cipherlist = aNULL:-aNULL:ALL:!EXPORT:+RC4:@STRENGTH tls_medium_cipherlist = aNULL:-aNULL:ALL:!EXPORT:!LOW:+RC4:@STRENGTH tls_null_cipherlist = eNULL:!aNULL tls_preempt_cipherlist = no tls_random_bytes = 32 tls_random_exchange_name = ${data_directory}/prng_exch tls_random_prng_update_period = 3600s tls_random_reseed_period = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom tls_ssl_options = tls_wildcard_matches_multiple_labels = yes tlsmgr_service_name = tlsmgr tlsproxy_enforce_tls = $smtpd_enforce_tls tlsproxy_service_name = tlsproxy tlsproxy_tls_CAfile = $smtpd_tls_CAfile tlsproxy_tls_CApath = $smtpd_tls_CApath tlsproxy_tls_always_issue_session_ids = $smtpd_tls_always_issue_session_ids tlsproxy_tls_ask_ccert = $smtpd_tls_ask_ccert tlsproxy_tls_ccert_verifydepth = $smtpd_tls_ccert_verifydepth tlsproxy_tls_cert_file = $smtpd_tls_cert_file tlsproxy_tls_ciphers = $smtpd_tls_ciphers tlsproxy_tls_dcert_file = $smtpd_tls_dcert_file tlsproxy_tls_dh1024_param_file = $smtpd_tls_dh1024_param_file tlsproxy_tls_dh512_param_file = $smtpd_tls_dh512_param_file tlsproxy_tls_dkey_file = $smtpd_tls_dkey_file tlsproxy_tls_eccert_file = $smtpd_tls_eccert_file tlsproxy_tls_eckey_file = $smtpd_tls_eckey_file tlsproxy_tls_eecdh_grade = $smtpd_tls_eecdh_grade tlsproxy_tls_exclude_ciphers = $smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers tlsproxy_tls_fingerprint_digest = $smtpd_tls_fingerprint_digest tlsproxy_tls_key_file = $smtpd_tls_key_file tlsproxy_tls_loglevel = $smtpd_tls_loglevel tlsproxy_tls_mandatory_ciphers = $smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers tlsproxy_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = $smtpd_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers tlsproxy_tls_mandatory_protocols = $smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols tlsproxy_tls_protocols = $smtpd_tls_protocols tlsproxy_tls_req_ccert = $smtpd_tls_req_ccert tlsproxy_tls_security_level = $smtpd_tls_security_level tlsproxy_use_tls = $smtpd_use_tls tlsproxy_watchdog_timeout = 10s trace_service_name = trace transport_maps = transport_retry_time = 60s trigger_timeout = 10s undisclosed_recipients_header = unknown_address_reject_code = 450 unknown_address_tempfail_action = $reject_tempfail_action unknown_client_reject_code = 450 unknown_helo_hostname_tempfail_action = $reject_tempfail_action unknown_hostname_reject_code = 450 unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 unknown_relay_recipient_reject_code = 550 unknown_virtual_alias_reject_code = 550 unknown_virtual_mailbox_reject_code = 550 unverified_recipient_defer_code = 450 unverified_recipient_reject_code = 450 unverified_recipient_reject_reason = unverified_recipient_tempfail_action = $reject_tempfail_action unverified_sender_defer_code = 450 unverified_sender_reject_code = 450 unverified_sender_reject_reason = unverified_sender_tempfail_action = $reject_tempfail_action verp_delimiter_filter = -=+ virtual_alias_domains = $virtual_alias_maps virtual_alias_expansion_limit = 1000 virtual_alias_maps = $virtual_maps virtual_alias_recursion_limit = 1000 virtual_delivery_slot_cost = $default_delivery_slot_cost virtual_delivery_slot_discount = $default_delivery_slot_discount virtual_delivery_slot_loan = $default_delivery_slot_loan virtual_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit virtual_destination_concurrency_limit = $default_destination_concurrency_limit virtual_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback virtual_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback = $default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback virtual_destination_rate_delay = $default_destination_rate_delay virtual_destination_recipient_limit = $default_destination_recipient_limit virtual_extra_recipient_limit = $default_extra_recipient_limit virtual_gid_maps = virtual_initial_destination_concurrency = $initial_destination_concurrency virtual_mailbox_base = virtual_mailbox_domains = $virtual_mailbox_maps virtual_mailbox_limit = 51200000 virtual_mailbox_lock = fcntl, dotlock virtual_mailbox_maps = virtual_minimum_delivery_slots = $default_minimum_delivery_slots virtual_minimum_uid = 100 virtual_recipient_limit = $default_recipient_limit virtual_recipient_refill_delay = $default_recipient_refill_delay virtual_recipient_refill_limit = $default_recipient_refill_limit virtual_transport = virtual virtual_uid_maps =
Möchten wir nun einen einzelne Variable abfragen, die nicht den Defaultvorgaben entspricht benutzen wir im Fall von myorigin den folgenden Aufruf.
# postconf -d myorigin
myorigin = $myhostname
Wollen wir einen Parameter ändern, so benutzen wir die Option -e. Als erstes fragen wir den wert einer Variable, im folgenden Beispiel von smtpd_client_connection_count_limit.
# postconf -d smtpd_client_connection_count_limit
smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 50
Den Defaulwert von 50 ändern wir nun ab auf den Wert 10.
# postconf -e "smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 25"
Anschließend muss via systemctl reload postfix der laufende Daemon noch von der Änderung an der main.cf informiert werden.
Auf die wichtigsten Konfigurationsparameter für den Betrieb unseres Mailservers gehen wir nun kurz ein:
- myhostname
Definition des Hostnames, über den der Mailserver später erreichbar sein wird. Die IP-Adresse des Mailservers muss später auch reverse auf gelöst werden könnne und dem hier definiertem Hostnamen entsprechen. - mydomain
Definition der eigenen Domäne. Normalerweise, wird man diesen Wert nie setzen müssen, da der Wert automatisch vom Parameter myhostname abgeleitet wird, in dem der Host-Teil abgetrennt wird. Aus myhostname = mx1.nausch.org wird so nausch.org, ohne dasss wir extra Hand anlegen müssen. Den Parameter mydomain wird man also nur setzen müssen, wenn der Wert vom Domain-Teil des Parameters myhostname abweicht! - mydestination Über diesen Parameter wird definiert, für welche Domains sich unser Postfix als final destination fühlt; der MTA also eigentlich eMails annehmen soll. Normalerweise wird dies neben dem Wert
localhost
der Domain und Hostname des Servers sein.
Der Parametermydestination
beschreibt nur den realen Hostnamen sowie der realen Domäne des Mailservers. Möchte man virtuelle Domänen verwenden, definiert man diese mit Hilfe der virtual-table und nicht bei mydestination! - myorigin Werden eMails lokal auf dem Mailserverhost generiert, erzeugt Postfix „richtige eMAiladressen“, in dem der Mailserver den User-Namen bzw. die User-ID mit dem Wert aus $myorigin ergänzt. Der Defaultwert myorigin = $mydomain bewirkt also, dass eine eMail von root auf unserem Host mx1.nausch.org die eMailadresse root@nausch.org erhält. Möchte man z.B. für DMZ-interne eMails in der eMailadresse direkt den Hostnamen mit angeben, so wird man hier statt $mydomain $myhostname angeben; somit würde dann die Adresse logwatch@pml010043.intra.nausch.org statt logwatch@nausch.org generiert.
- mynetworks
Muss man mehrere verschiedene Netzbereiche, oder einzelne Hosts zum sicheren Relayen freischalten, dann müssen die einzelnen Netzbereiche, bzw. Hosts über den Parameter mynetworks definiert werden. 10.10.10.0/24 beschreibt so ein ganzes Netz, 10.0.0.10/32 hingegen nur einen einzelnen Host. - mynetworks_style
Festlegung des Netzes oder des Netzbereiches, die unser Postfix als vertrauenswürdig betrachten soll. Host aus diesem Netzbereichen ist es gestattet, eMails an externe Empfänger einzuliefern, die unser MTA dann wiederum ausliefern wird. class, host und subnet (Defaulteinstellung) können hier ausgewählt werden. - inet_interfaces
Festlegung der Netzwerk-Adresse, von denen der Mailserver Verbindungen annehmen soll. Bei einfachen Workstations wird man hier den Vorgabewertlocalhost
belassen. Wollen wir einen richtigen Mailserver betreiben, so definieren wir hier entweder direkt sine IP-Adresse, oder geben das Schlüsselwortall
für alle Netzwerkschnittstellen an. - inet_protocols
Festlegung des verwendeten Internetprotokolles, abhängig von der Serverkonfiguration selbst. Wurde der IPv6-Support deaktiviert, so definiert man hier entsprechend die Optioninet_protocols = ipv4
. - smtpd_banner
Definition des Begrüßungstextes, den der Mailserver nach dem Aufbau eingehender Verbindungenvon externen Mailservern ausgibt. Hier wird man i.d.R. aus Sicherheitsgründen lediglich den Hostnamen und den Namen des Mailservers preis geben, nicht aber Versionsangaben oder weiteres.
Lockup-Tables
Neben den beiden vorgenannten Hauptkonfigurationsdateien main.cf und master.cf finden wir im Konfigurationsverzeichnis /etc/postfix noch ein paar Lockup-Tabellen, die bei der RPM-Installation automatisch angelegt wurden.
# ls -l --hide=*.cf --hide=header_checks /etc/postfix/
total 112 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21006 Sep 24 19:22 access -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11683 Sep 24 19:22 canonical -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9904 Sep 24 19:22 generic -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6816 Sep 24 19:22 relocated -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12549 Sep 24 19:22 transport -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12510 Sep 24 19:22 virtual
Den Umgang mit diesen access- und lookup-Tabellen ist im Kapitel Konfiguration unseres MTAs Postfix 2.11 unter CentOS7 detailliert beschrieben.
Header-Checks
Möchte man Informationen im Mailheader zum Bewerten verwenden, um so z.B. eine Nachricht zu blocken, kann man dies mit Hilfe der Konfigurationsdatei header_checks realisieren.
# less /etc/postfix/header_checks
- /etc/postfix/header_checks
# HEADER_CHECKS(5) HEADER_CHECKS(5) # # NAME # header_checks - Postfix built-in content inspection # # SYNOPSIS # header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/header_checks # mime_header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks # nested_header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/nested_header_checks # body_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/body_checks # # milter_header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/milter_header_checks # # smtp_header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks # smtp_mime_header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/smtp_mime_header_checks # smtp_nested_header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/smtp_nested_header_checks # smtp_body_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/smtp_body_checks # # postmap -q "string" pcre:/etc/postfix/filename # postmap -q - pcre:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile # # DESCRIPTION # This document describes access control on the content of # message headers and message body lines; it is implemented # by the Postfix cleanup(8) server before mail is queued. # See access(5) for access control on remote SMTP client # information. # # Each message header or message body line is compared # against a list of patterns. When a match is found the # corresponding action is executed, and the matching process # is repeated for the next message header or message body # line. # # Note: message headers are examined one logical header at a # time, even when a message header spans multiple lines. # Body lines are always examined one line at a time. # # For examples, see the EXAMPLES section at the end of this # manual page. # # Postfix header or body_checks are designed to stop a flood # of mail from worms or viruses; they do not decode attach- # ments, and they do not unzip archives. See the documents # referenced below in the README FILES section if you need # more sophisticated content analysis. # # FILTERS WHILE RECEIVING MAIL # Postfix implements the following four built-in content # inspection classes while receiving mail: # # header_checks (default: empty) # These are applied to initial message headers # (except for the headers that are processed with # mime_header_checks). # # mime_header_checks (default: $header_checks) # These are applied to MIME related message headers # only. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # nested_header_checks (default: $header_checks) # These are applied to message headers of attached # email messages (except for the headers that are # processed with mime_header_checks). # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # body_checks # These are applied to all other content, including # multi-part message boundaries. # # With Postfix versions before 2.0, all content after # the initial message headers is treated as body con- # tent. # # FILTERS AFTER RECEIVING MAIL # Postfix supports a subset of the built-in content inspec- # tion classes after the message is received: # # milter_header_checks (default: empty) # These are applied to headers that are added with # Milter applications. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.7 and later. # # FILTERS WHILE DELIVERING MAIL # Postfix supports all four content inspection classes while # delivering mail via SMTP. # # smtp_header_checks (default: empty) # # smtp_mime_header_checks (default: empty) # # smtp_nested_header_checks (default: empty) # # smtp_body_checks (default: empty) # These features are available in Postfix 2.5 and # later. # # COMPATIBILITY # With Postfix version 2.2 and earlier specify "postmap -fq" # to query a table that contains case sensitive patterns. By # default, regexp: and pcre: patterns are case insensitive. # # TABLE FORMAT # This document assumes that header and body_checks rules # are specified in the form of Postfix regular expression # lookup tables. Usually the best performance is obtained # with pcre (Perl Compatible Regular Expression) tables. The # regexp (POSIX regular expressions) tables are usually # slower, but more widely available. Use the command "post- # conf -m" to find out what lookup table types your Postfix # system supports. # # The general format of Postfix regular expression tables is # given below. For a discussion of specific pattern or # flags syntax, see pcre_table(5) or regexp_table(5), # respectively. # # /pattern/flags action # When /pattern/ matches the input string, execute # the corresponding action. See below for a list of # possible actions. # # !/pattern/flags action # When /pattern/ does not match the input string, # execute the corresponding action. # # if /pattern/flags # # endif Match the input string against the patterns between # if and endif, if and only if the same input string # also matches /pattern/. The if..endif can nest. # # Note: do not prepend whitespace to patterns inside # if..endif. # # if !/pattern/flags # # endif Match the input string against the patterns between # if and endif, if and only if the same input string # does not match /pattern/. The if..endif can nest. # # blank lines and comments # Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, # as are lines whose first non-whitespace character # is a `#'. # # multi-line text # A pattern/action line starts with non-whitespace # text. A line that starts with whitespace continues # a logical line. # # TABLE SEARCH ORDER # For each line of message input, the patterns are applied # in the order as specified in the table. When a pattern is # found that matches the input line, the corresponding # action is executed and then the next input line is # inspected. # # TEXT SUBSTITUTION # Substitution of substrings from the matched expression # into the action string is possible using the conventional # Perl syntax ($1, $2, etc.). The macros in the result # string may need to be written as ${n} or $(n) if they # aren't followed by whitespace. # # Note: since negated patterns (those preceded by !) return # a result when the expression does not match, substitutions # are not available for negated patterns. # # ACTIONS # Action names are case insensitive. They are shown in upper # case for consistency with other Postfix documentation. # # DISCARD optional text... # Claim successful delivery and silently discard the # message. Log the optional text if specified, oth- # erwise log a generic message. # # Note: this action disables further header or # body_checks inspection of the current message and # affects all recipients. To discard only one recip- # ient without discarding the entire message, use the # transport(5) table to direct mail to the discard(8) # service. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # This feature is not supported with smtp header/body # checks. # # DUNNO Pretend that the input line did not match any pat- # tern, and inspect the next input line. This action # can be used to shorten the table search. # # For backwards compatibility reasons, Postfix also # accepts OK but it is (and always has been) treated # as DUNNO. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # # FILTER transport:destination # After the message is queued, send the entire mes- # sage through the specified external content filter. # The transport name specifies the first field of a # mail delivery agent definition in master.cf; the # syntax of the next-hop destination is described in # the manual page of the corresponding delivery # agent. More information about external content # filters is in the Postfix FILTER_README file. # # Note 1: do not use $number regular expression sub- # stitutions for transport or destination unless you # know that the information has a trusted origin. # # Note 2: this action overrides the main.cf con- # tent_filter setting, and affects all recipients of # the message. In the case that multiple FILTER # actions fire, only the last one is executed. # # Note 3: the purpose of the FILTER command is to # override message routing. To override the recipi- # ent's transport but not the next-hop destination, # specify an empty filter destination (Postfix 2.7 # and later), or specify a transport:destination that # delivers through a different Postfix instance # (Postfix 2.6 and earlier). Other options are using # the recipient-dependent transport_maps or the sen- # der-dependent sender_dependent_default_transport- # _maps features. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # This feature is not supported with smtp header/body # checks. # # HOLD optional text... # Arrange for the message to be placed on the hold # queue, and inspect the next input line. The mes- # sage remains on hold until someone either deletes # it or releases it for delivery. Log the optional # text if specified, otherwise log a generic message. # # Mail that is placed on hold can be examined with # the postcat(1) command, and can be destroyed or # released with the postsuper(1) command. # # Note: use "postsuper -r" to release mail that was # kept on hold for a significant fraction of $maxi- # mal_queue_lifetime or $bounce_queue_lifetime, or # longer. Use "postsuper -H" only for mail that will # not expire within a few delivery attempts. # # Note: this action affects all recipients of the # message. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later. # # This feature is not supported with smtp header/body # checks. # # IGNORE Delete the current line from the input, and inspect # the next input line. # # INFO optional text... # Log an "info:" record with the optional text... (or # log a generic text), and inspect the next input # line. This action is useful for routine logging or # for debugging. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.8 and later. # # PREPEND text... # Prepend one line with the specified text, and # inspect the next input line. # # Notes: # # o The prepended text is output on a separate # line, immediately before the input that # triggered the PREPEND action. # # o The prepended text is not considered part of # the input stream: it is not subject to # header/body checks or address rewriting, and # it does not affect the way that Postfix adds # missing message headers. # # o When prepending text before a message header # line, the prepended text must begin with a # valid message header label. # # o This action cannot be used to prepend multi- # line text. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # # This feature is not supported with mil- # ter_header_checks. # # REDIRECT user@domain # Write a message redirection request to the queue # file, and inspect the next input line. After the # message is queued, it will be sent to the specified # address instead of the intended recipient(s). # # Note: this action overrides the FILTER action, and # affects all recipients of the message. If multiple # REDIRECT actions fire, only the last one is exe- # cuted. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. # # This feature is not supported with smtp header/body # checks. # # REPLACE text... # Replace the current line with the specified text, # and inspect the next input line. # # This feature is available in Postfix 2.2 and later. # The description below applies to Postfix 2.2.2 and # later. # # Notes: # # o When replacing a message header line, the # replacement text must begin with a valid # header label. # # o The replaced text remains part of the input # stream. Unlike the result from the PREPEND # action, a replaced message header may be # subject to address rewriting and may affect # the way that Postfix adds missing message # headers. # # REJECT optional text... # Reject the entire message. Reply with optional # text... when the optional text is specified, other- # wise reply with a generic error message. # # Note: this action disables further header or # body_checks inspection of the current message and # affects all recipients. # # Postfix version 2.3 and later support enhanced sta- # tus codes. When no code is specified at the begin- # ning of optional text..., Postfix inserts a default # enhanced status code of "5.7.1". # # This feature is not supported with smtp header/body # checks. # # WARN optional text... # Log a "warning:" record with the optional text... # (or log a generic text), and inspect the next input # line. This action is useful for debugging and for # testing a pattern before applying more drastic # actions. # # BUGS # Empty lines never match, because some map types mis-behave # when given a zero-length search string. This limitation # may be removed for regular expression tables in a future # release. # # Many people overlook the main limitations of header and # body_checks rules. # # o These rules operate on one logical message header # or one body line at a time. A decision made for one # line is not carried over to the next line. # # o If text in the message body is encoded (RFC 2045) # then the rules need to be specified for the encoded # form. # # o Likewise, when message headers are encoded (RFC # 2047) then the rules need to be specified for the # encoded form. # # Message headers added by the cleanup(8) daemon itself are # excluded from inspection. Examples of such message headers # are From:, To:, Message-ID:, Date:. # # Message headers deleted by the cleanup(8) daemon will be # examined before they are deleted. Examples are: Bcc:, Con- # tent-Length:, Return-Path:. # # CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS # body_checks # Lookup tables with content filter rules for message # body lines. These filters see one physical line at # a time, in chunks of at most $line_length_limit # bytes. # # body_checks_size_limit # The amount of content per message body segment # (attachment) that is subjected to $body_checks fil- # tering. # # header_checks # # mime_header_checks (default: $header_checks) # # nested_header_checks (default: $header_checks) # Lookup tables with content filter rules for message # header lines: respectively, these are applied to # the initial message headers (not including MIME # headers), to the MIME headers anywhere in the mes- # sage, and to the initial headers of attached mes- # sages. # # Note: these filters see one logical message header # at a time, even when a message header spans multi- # ple lines. Message headers that are longer than # $header_size_limit characters are truncated. # # disable_mime_input_processing # While receiving mail, give no special treatment to # MIME related message headers; all text after the # initial message headers is considered to be part of # the message body. This means that header_checks is # applied to all the initial message headers, and # that body_checks is applied to the remainder of the # message. # # Note: when used in this manner, body_checks will # process a multi-line message header one line at a # time. # # EXAMPLES # Header pattern to block attachments with bad file name # extensions. For convenience, the PCRE /x flag is speci- # fied, so that there is no need to collapse the pattern # into a single line of text. The purpose of the # [[:xdigit:]] sub-expressions is to recognize Windows CLSID # strings. # # /etc/postfix/main.cf: # header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/header_checks.pcre # # /etc/postfix/header_checks.pcre: # /^Content-(Disposition|Type).*name\s*=\s*"?(.*(\.|=2E)( # ade|adp|asp|bas|bat|chm|cmd|com|cpl|crt|dll|exe| # hlp|ht[at]| # inf|ins|isp|jse?|lnk|md[betw]|ms[cipt]|nws| # \{[[:xdigit:]]{8}(?:-[[:xdigit:]]{4}){3}-[[:xdigit:]]{12}\}| # ops|pcd|pif|prf|reg|sc[frt]|sh[bsm]|swf| # vb[esx]?|vxd|ws[cfh]))(\?=)?"?\s*(;|$)/x # REJECT Attachment name "$2" may not end with ".$4" # # Body pattern to stop a specific HTML browser vulnerability # exploit. # # /etc/postfix/main.cf: # body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/body_checks # # /etc/postfix/body_checks: # /^<iframe src=(3D)?cid:.* height=(3D)?0 width=(3D)?0>$/ # REJECT IFRAME vulnerability exploit # # SEE ALSO # cleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue Postfix message # pcre_table(5), format of PCRE lookup tables # regexp_table(5), format of POSIX regular expression tables # postconf(1), Postfix configuration utility # postmap(1), Postfix lookup table management # postsuper(1), Postfix janitor # postcat(1), show Postfix queue file contents # RFC 2045, base64 and quoted-printable encoding rules # RFC 2047, message header encoding for non-ASCII text # # README FILES # Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_direc- # tory" to locate this information. # DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview # CONTENT_INSPECTION_README, Postfix content inspection overview # BUILTIN_FILTER_README, Postfix built-in content inspection # BACKSCATTER_README, blocking returned forged mail # # LICENSE # The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this # software. # # AUTHOR(S) # Wietse Venema # IBM T.J. Watson Research # P.O. Box 704 # Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA # #
Wie dies im Detail von Statten geht werden wir uns in einem separaten Schritt Grundabsicherung von Postfix noch genauer ansehen.
Paketfilter / Firewall
Damit fremde MTAs4) auf SMTP-Port 25 und unsere Kunden mit deren MUAs5) auf dem Submission-Port 587 ihre Nachrichten bei unserem Postfix-Mailserver einliefern können, müssen wir für diese noch Änderungen am Paketfilter firewalld vornehmen.
# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=25/tcp
success
# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=587/tcp
success
Anschließend können wir den Firewall-Daemon einmal durchstarten und anschließend überprüfen, ob die Regeln auch entsprechend unserer Definition, gezogen haben.
# firewall-cmd --reload
success
Abschließend prüfen wir noch, ob die Erweiterung unseres Paketfilter aktiv ist.
# iptables -nvL IN_public_allow
Chain IN_public_allow (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 ctstate NEW 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 ctstate NEW 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:587 ctstate NEW
Systemstart
erster manueller Start
# systemctl start postfix.service
Im Maillog wird der Start unseres Postfix-Servers entsprechend vermerkt.
# less /var/log/maillog
Oct 10 22:41:25 vml000087.dmz.nausch.org systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... Oct 10 22:41:26 vml000087.dmz.nausch.org postfix/master[30590]: daemon started -- version 2.11.1, configuration /etc/postfix Oct 10 22:41:26 vml000087.dmz.nausch.org systemd[1]: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
# systemctl status postfix.service
postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2014-10-10 22:41:26 CEST; 1min 11s ago Process: 30501 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/postfix stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 30517 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 30515 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 30513 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 30590 (master) CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service ├─30590 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w ├─30591 pickup -l -t unix -u └─30592 qmgr -l -t unix -u Oct 10 22:41:25 vml000087.dmz.nausch.org systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... Oct 10 22:41:26 vml000087.dmz.nausch.org postfix/master[30590]: daemon started -- version 2.11.1, configuration /etc/postfix Oct 10 22:41:26 vml000087.dmz.nausch.org systemd[1]: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
automatischer Start beim Systemstart
Wollen wir den Daemon beim Hochfahren des Systems automatisch starten, greifen wir auf den Befehl systemctl zurück.
# systemctl enable postfix.service
Möchten wir uns vergewissern, ob der Daemon beim Systemstart gestartet wird oder nicht, erfahren wir ebenfalls mit dem Befehl systemctl.
# systemctl is-enabled postfix.service
enabled
Startet der Server nicht automatisch, wird uns ein „disabled“ zurückgemeldet.
Systemtest
Mit der minimalen Konfiguration unseres Postfix haben wir bereits einen lauffähigen MTA. Zum Testen verwenden wir das programm telnet. Die Eingaben am testenden Client sind in der Farbe blau und die Rückmeldungen unseres Dovecot-Servers in der Farbe hellgrau gekennzeichnet. Die Ausgaben des Befehls telnet sind in der Farbe schwarz eingefärbt.
$ telnet ::1 25 Trying ::1... Connected to ::1. Escape character is '^]'. 220 vml000087.dmz.nausch.org ESMTP Postfix helo foo 250 vml000087.dmz.nausch.org mail from:<> 250 2.1.0 OK rcpt to:<django@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org>> 250 2.1.0 OK DATA 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> From: michael@nausch.org To: django@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org Subject: erste testmail Date: heute test . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 5F251C00088 quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host.
Die Message-ID 5F251C00088 finden wir dann auch im Maillog wieder.
# tail -n7 /var/log/maillog
Oct 13 22:15:55 vml000087 postfix/smtpd[4304]: connect from localhost[::1]
Oct 13 22:16:34 vml000087 postfix/smtpd[4304]: 5F251C00088: client=localhost[::1]
Oct 13 22:17:13 vml000087 postfix/cleanup[4308]: 5F251C00088: message-id=<20141013201634.5F251C00088@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org>
Oct 13 22:17:13 vml000087 postfix/qmgr[2202]: 5F251C00088: from=<>, size=364, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Oct 13 22:17:13 vml000087 postfix/local[4309]: 5F251C00088: to=<django@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org>, relay=local, delay=63, delays=63/0.02/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to mailbox)
Oct 13 22:17:13 vml000087 postfix/qmgr[2202]: 5F251C00088: removed
Oct 13 22:17:16 vml000087 postfix/smtpd[4304]: disconnect from localhost[::1]
Auf unserem Festplatten wurde die eMail auch entsprechend abgespeichert.
/var/spool/mail/ ├── django └── root
# cat /var/spool/mail/django
From MAILER-DAEMON Mon Oct 13 22:17:13 2014 Return-Path: <> X-Original-To: django@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org Delivered-To: django@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org Received: from foo (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by vml000087.dmz.nausch.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 5F251C00088 for <django@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org>; Mon, 13 Oct 2014 22:16:10 +0200 (CEST) From: michael@nausch.org To: django@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org Subject: erste testmail Date: heute Message-Id: <20141013201634.5F251C00088@vml000087.dmz.nausch.org> test